- 04 Sep, 2024 13 commits
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John Ogness authored
An emergency or panic context can takeover console ownership while the current owner was printing a printk message. The atomic printer will re-print the message that the previous owner was printing. However, this can look confusing to the user and may even seem as though a message was lost. [3430014.1 [3430014.181123] usb 1-2: Product: USB Audio Add a new field @nbcon_prev_seq to struct console to track the sequence number to print that was assigned to the previous console owner. If this matches the sequence number to print that the current owner is assigned, then a takeover must have occurred. In this case, print an additional message to inform the user that the previous message is being printed again. [3430014.1 ** replaying previous printk message ** [3430014.181123] usb 1-2: Product: USB Audio Signed-off-by:
John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by:
Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240904120536.115780-12-john.ogness@linutronix.deSigned-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
In order to support prepending different texts to printk messages, split out the prepending code into a helper function. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Once the kthread is running and available (i.e. @printk_kthreads_running is set), the kthread becomes responsible for flushing any pending messages which are added in NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL context. Namely the legacy console_flush_all() and device_release() no longer flush the console. And nbcon_atomic_flush_pending() used by nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit() no longer flushes messages added after the emergency messages. The console context is safe when used by the kthread only when one of the following conditions are true: 1. Other caller acquires the console context with NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL with preemption disabled. It will release the context before rescheduling. 2. Other caller acquires the console context with NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL under the device_lock. 3. The kthread is the only context which acquires the console with NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL. This is satisfied for all atomic printing call sites: nbcon_legacy_emit_next_record() (#1) nbcon_atomic_flush_pending_con() (#1) nbcon_device_release() (#2) It is even double guaranteed when @printk_kthreads_running is set because then _only_ the kthread will print for NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL. (#3) Signed-off-by: -
John Ogness authored
When printing via console_lock, the write_atomic() callback is used for nbcon consoles. However, if it is known that the current context is a task context, the write_thread() callback can be used instead. Using write_thread() instead of write_atomic() helps to reduce large disabled preemption regions when the device_lock does not disable preemption. This is mainly a preparatory change to allow avoiding write_atomic() completely during normal operation if boot consoles are registered. As a side-effect, it also allows consolidating the printing code for legacy printing and the kthread printer. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Move nbcon_atomic_emit_one() so that it can be used by nbcon_kthread_func() in a follow-up commit. Signed-off-by:
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Thomas Gleixner authored
Provide the main implementation for running a printer kthread per nbcon console that is takeover/handover aware. This includes: - new mandatory write_thread() callback - kthread creation - kthread main printing loop - kthread wakeup mechanism - kthread shutdown kthread creation is a bit tricky because consoles may register before kthreads can be created. In such cases, registration will succeed, even though no kthread exists. Once kthreads can be created, an early_initcall will set @printk_kthreads_ready. If there are no registered boot consoles, the early_initcall creates the kthreads for all registered nbcon consoles. If kthread creation fails, the related console is unregistered. If there are registered boot consoles when @printk_kthreads_ready is set, no kthreads are created until the final boot console unregisters. Once kthread creation finally occurs, @printk_kthreads_running is set so that the system knows kthreads are available for all registered nbcon consoles. If @printk_kthreads_running is already set when the console is registering, the kthread is created during registration. If kthread creation fails, the registration will fail. Until @printk_kthreads_running is set, console printing occurs directly via the console_lock. kthread shutdown on system shutdown/reboot is necessary to ensure the printer kthreads finish their printing so that the system can cleanly transition back to direct printing via the console_lock in order to reliably push out the final shutdown/reboot messages. @printk_kthreads_running is cleared before shutting down the individual kthreads. The kthread uses a new mandatory write_thread() callback that is called with both device_lock() and the console context acquired. The console ownership handling is necessary for synchronization against write_atomic() which is synchronized only via the console context ownership. The device_lock() serializes acquiring the console context with NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL. It is needed in case the device_lock() does not disable preemption. It prevents the following race: CPU0 CPU1 [ task A ] nbcon_context_try_acquire() # success with NORMAL prio # .unsafe == false; // safe for takeover [ schedule: task A -> B ] WARN_ON() nbcon_atomic_flush_pending() nbcon_context_try_acquire() # success with EMERGENCY prio # flushing nbcon_context_release() # HERE: con->nbcon_state is free # to take by anyone !!! nbcon_context_try_acquire() # success with NORMAL prio [ task B ] [ schedule: task B -> A ] nbcon_enter_unsafe() nbcon_context_can_proceed() BUG: nbcon_context_can_proceed() returns "true" because the console is owned by a context on CPU0 with NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL. But it should return "false". The console is owned by a context from task B and we do the check in a context from task A. Note that with these changes, the printer kthreads do not yet take over full responsibility for nbcon printing during normal operation. These changes only focus on the lifecycle of the kthreads. Co-developed-by:Thomas Gleixner (Intel) <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by:
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John Ogness authored
When initializing an nbcon console, have nbcon_alloc() set @nbcon_seq to the highest possible sequence number. For all practical purposes, this will guarantee that the console will have nothing to print until later when @nbcon_seq is set to the proper initial printing value. This will be particularly important once kthread printing is introduced because nbcon_alloc() can create/start the kthread before the desired initial sequence number is known. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
The nbcon consoles will have two callbacks to be used for different contexts. In order to determine if an nbcon console is usable, console_is_usable() must know if it is a context that will need to use the optional write_atomic() callback. Also, nbcon_emit_next_record() must know which callback it needs to call. Add an extra parameter @use_atomic to console_is_usable() and nbcon_emit_next_record() to specify this. Since so far only the write_atomic() callback exists, @use_atomic is set to true for all call sites. For legacy consoles, @use_atomic is not used. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Ensure consoles have flushed pending records before unregistering. The console should print up to at least its related "console disabled" record. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
A follow-up change adds pr_flush() to console unregistration. However, with boot consoles unregistration can happen very early if there are also regular consoles registering as well. In this case the pr_flush() is not important because all consoles are flushed when checking the initial console sequence number. Allow pr_flush() to fail if @system_state has not yet reached SYSTEM_SCHEDULING. This avoids might_sleep() and msleep() explosions that would otherwise occur: [ 0.436739][ T0] printk: legacy console [ttyS0] enabled [ 0.439820][ T0] printk: legacy bootconsole [earlyser0] disabled [ 0.446822][ T0] BUG: scheduling while atomic: swapper/0/0/0x00000002 [ 0.450491][ T0] 1 lock held by swapper/0/0: [ 0.457897][ T0] #0: ffffffff82ae5f88 (console_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: console_list_lock+0x20/0x70 [ 0.463141][ T0] Modules linked in: [ 0.465307][ T0] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.10.0-rc1+ #372 [ 0.469394][ T0] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.14.0-2 04/01/2014 [ 0.474402][ T0] Call Trace: [ 0.476246][ T0] <TASK> [ 0.481473][ T0] dump_stack_lvl+0x93/0xb0 [ 0.483949][ T0] dump_stack+0x10/0x20 [ 0.486256][ T0] __schedule_bug+0x68/0x90 [ 0.488753][ T0] __schedule+0xb9b/0xd80 [ 0.491179][ T0] ? lock_release+0xb5/0x270 [ 0.493732][ T0] schedule+0x43/0x170 [ 0.495998][ T0] schedule_timeout+0xc5/0x1e0 [ 0.498634][ T0] ? __pfx_process_timeout+0x10/0x10 [ 0.501522][ T0] ? msleep+0x13/0x50 [ 0.503728][ T0] msleep+0x3c/0x50 [ 0.505847][ T0] __pr_flush.constprop.0.isra.0+0x56/0x500 [ 0.509050][ T0] ? _printk+0x58/0x80 [ 0.511332][ T0] ? lock_is_held_type+0x9c/0x110 [ 0.514106][ T0] unregister_console_locked+0xe1/0x450 [ 0.517144][ T0] register_console+0x509/0x620 [ 0.519827][ T0] ? __pfx_univ8250_console_init+0x10/0x10 [ 0.523042][ T0] univ8250_console_init+0x24/0x40 [ 0.525845][ T0] console_init+0x43/0x210 [ 0.528280][ T0] start_kernel+0x493/0x980 [ 0.530773][ T0] x86_64_start_reservations+0x18/0x30 [ 0.533755][ T0] x86_64_start_kernel+0xae/0xc0 [ 0.536473][ T0] common_startup_64+0x12c/0x138 [ 0.539210][ T0] </TASK> And then the kernel goes into an infinite loop complaining about: 1. releasing a pinned lock 2. unpinning an unpinned lock 3. bad: scheduling from the idle thread! 4. goto 1 Signed-off-by: -
John Ogness authored
Since ownership can be lost at any time due to handover or takeover, a printing context _must_ be prepared to back out immediately and carefully. However, there are scenarios where the printing context must reacquire ownership in order to finalize or revert hardware changes. One such example is when interrupts are disabled during printing. No other context will automagically re-enable the interrupts. For this case, the disabling context _must_ reacquire nbcon ownership so that it can re-enable the interrupts. Provide nbcon_reacquire_nobuf() for exactly this purpose. It allows a printing context to reacquire ownership using the same priority as its previous ownership. Note that after a successful reacquire the printing context will have no output buffer because that has been lost. This function cannot be used to resume printing. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
There is no need to open code a non-migration-checking this_cpu_ptr(). That is exactly what raw_cpu_ptr() is. Signed-off-by:
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Jinjie Ruan authored
sizeof(unsigned long) * 8 is the number of bits in an unsigned long variable, replace it with BITS_PER_LONG macro to make it simpler. Signed-off-by:
Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie@huawei.com> Reviewed-by:
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- 21 Aug, 2024 27 commits
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John Ogness authored
Mark emergency sections wherever multiple lines of lock debugging output are generated. In an emergency section, every printk() call will attempt to directly flush to the consoles using the EMERGENCY priority. Note that debug_show_all_locks() and lockdep_print_held_locks() rely on their callers to enter the emergency section. This is because these functions can also be called in non-emergency situations (such as sysrq). Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Mark emergency sections wherever multiple lines of rcu stall information are generated. In an emergency section, every printk() call will attempt to directly flush to the consoles using the EMERGENCY priority. Signed-off-by:
Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240820063001.36405-35-john.ogness@linutronix.deSigned-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Mark an emergency section beginning with oops_enter() until the end of oops_exit(). In this section, every printk() call will attempt to directly flush to the consoles using the EMERGENCY priority. The very end of oops_exit() performs a kmsg_dump(). This is not included in the emergency section because it is another flushing mechanism that should occur after the consoles have flushed the oops messages. Signed-off-by:
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Thomas Gleixner authored
Mark the full contents of __warn() as an emergency section. In this section, every printk() call will attempt to directly flush to the consoles using the EMERGENCY priority. Co-developed-by:
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Thomas Gleixner authored
In emergency situations (something has gone wrong but the system continues to operate), usually important information (such as a backtrace) is generated via printk(). This information should be pushed out to the consoles ASAP. Add per-CPU emergency nesting tracking because an emergency can arise while in an emergency situation. Add functions to mark the beginning and end of emergency sections where the urgent messages are generated. Perform direct console flushing at the emergency priority if the current CPU is in an emergency state and it is safe to do so. Note that the emergency state is not system-wide. While one CPU is in an emergency state, another CPU may attempt to print console messages at normal priority. Also note that printk() already attempts to flush consoles in the caller context for normal priority. However, follow-up changes will introduce printing kthreads, in which case the normal priority printk() calls will offload to the kthreads. Co-developed-by:
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John Ogness authored
There are many call sites where console flushing occur. Depending on the system state and types of consoles, the flush methods to use are different. A flush call site generally must consider: @have_boot_console @have_nbcon_console @have_legacy_console @legacy_allow_panic_sync is_printk_preferred() and take into account the current CPU state: NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL NBCON_PRIO_EMERGENCY NBCON_PRIO_PANIC in order to decide if it should: flush nbcon directly via atomic_write() callback flush legacy directly via console_unlock flush legacy via offload to irq_work All of these call sites use their own logic to make this decision, which is complicated and error prone. Especially later when two more flush methods will be introduced: flush nbcon via offload to kthread flush legacy via offload to kthread Introduce a new internal struct console_flush_type that specifies which console flushing methods should be used in the context of the caller. Introduce a helper function to fill out console_flush_type to be used for flushing call sites. Replace the logic of all flushing call sites to use the new helper. This change standardizes behavior, leading to both fixes and optimizations across various call sites. For instance, in console_cpu_notify(), the new logic ensures that nbcon consoles are flushed when they aren’t managed by the legacy loop. Similarly, in console_flush_on_panic(), the system no longer needs to flush nbcon consoles if none are present. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
If legacy and nbcon consoles are registered and the nbcon consoles are allowed to flush (i.e. no boot consoles registered), the legacy consoles will no longer perform direct printing on the panic CPU until after the backtrace has been stored. This will give the safe nbcon consoles a chance to print the panic messages before allowing the unsafe legacy consoles to print. If no nbcon consoles are registered or they are not allowed to flush because boot consoles are registered, there is no change in behavior (i.e. legacy consoles will always attempt to print from the printk() caller context). Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Add a global flag @have_nbcon_console to identify if any nbcon consoles are registered. This will be used in follow-up commits to preserve legacy behavior when no nbcon consoles are registered. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Currently the console lock is used to attempt legacy-type printing even if there are no legacy or boot consoles registered. If no such consoles are registered, the console lock does not need to be taken. Add tracking of legacy console registration and use it with boot console tracking to avoid unnecessary code paths, i.e. do not use the console lock if there are no boot consoles and no legacy consoles. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Add nbcon_atomic_flush_unsafe() to flush all nbcon consoles using the write_atomic() callback and allowing unsafe hostile takeovers. Call this at the end of panic() as a final attempt to flush any pending messages. Note that legacy consoles use unsafe methods for flushing from the beginning of panic (see bust_spinlocks()). Therefore, systems using both legacy and nbcon consoles may still fail to see panic messages due to unsafe legacy console usage. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
In console_flush_on_panic(), flush the nbcon consoles before flushing legacy consoles. The legacy write() callbacks are not fully safe when oops_in_progress is set. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
There may be new records that were added while a driver was holding the nbcon context for non-printing purposes. These new records must be flushed by the nbcon_device_release() context because no other context will do it. If boot consoles are registered, the legacy loop is used (either direct or per irq_work) to handle the flushing. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
If printk has been explicitly deferred or is called from NMI context, legacy console printing must be deferred to an irq_work context. Introduce a helper function is_printk_legacy_deferred() for a CPU to query if it must defer legacy console printing. In follow-up commits this helper will be needed at other call sites as well. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Allow nbcon consoles to print messages in the legacy printk() caller context (printing via unlock) by integrating them into console_flush_all(). The write_atomic() callback is used for printing. Provide nbcon_legacy_emit_next_record(), which acts as the nbcon variant of console_emit_next_record(). Call this variant within console_flush_all() for nbcon consoles. Since nbcon consoles use their own @nbcon_seq variable to track the next record to print, this also must be appropriately handled in console_flush_all(). Note that the legacy printing logic uses @handover to detect handovers for printing all consoles. For nbcon consoles, handovers/takeovers occur on a per-console basis and thus do not cause the console_flush_all() loop to abort. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Unfortunately it is not known if a boot console and a regular (legacy or nbcon) console use the same hardware. For this reason they must not be allowed to print simultaneously. For legacy consoles this is not an issue because they are already synchronized with the boot consoles using the console lock. However nbcon consoles can be triggered separately. Add a global flag @have_boot_console to identify if any boot consoles are registered. This will be used in follow-up commits to ensure that boot consoles and nbcon consoles cannot print simultaneously. Signed-off-by:
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Thomas Gleixner authored
Provide nbcon_atomic_flush_pending() to perform flushing of all registered nbcon consoles using their write_atomic() callback. Unlike console_flush_all(), nbcon_atomic_flush_pending() will only flush up through the newest record at the time of the call. This prevents a CPU from printing unbounded when other CPUs are adding records. If new records are added while flushing, it is expected that the dedicated printer threads will print those records. If the printer thread is not available (which is always the case at this point in the rework), nbcon_atomic_flush_pending() _will_ flush all records in the ringbuffer. Unlike console_flush_all(), nbcon_atomic_flush_pending() will fully flush one console before flushing the next. This helps to guarantee that a block of pending records (such as a stack trace in an emergency situation) can be printed atomically at once before releasing console ownership. nbcon_atomic_flush_pending() is safe in any context because it uses write_atomic() and acquires with unsafe_takeover disabled. Co-developed-by:
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John Ogness authored
Add a helper function to use the current state of the CPU to determine which priority to assign to the printing context. The EMERGENCY priority handling is added in a follow-up commit. It will use a per-CPU variable. Note: nbcon_device_try_acquire(), which is used by console drivers to acquire the nbcon console for non-printing activities, is hard-coded to always use NORMAL priority. Signed-off-by: -
John Ogness authored
The caller of console_is_usable() usually needs @console->flags for its own checks. Rather than having console_is_usable() read its own copy, make the caller pass in the @flags. This also ensures that the caller saw the same @flags value. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
The nbcon consoles use a different printing callback. For nbcon consoles, check for the write_atomic() callback instead of write(). Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Move console_is_usable() as-is into internal.h so that it can be used by nbcon printing functions as well. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
The headers kernel.h, serial_core.h, and console.h allow for the definitions of many types and functions from other headers. Rather than relying on these as proxy headers, explicitly include all headers providing needed definitions. Also sort the list alphabetically to be able to easily detect duplicates. Suggested-by:
Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Currently the port->lock wrappers uart_port_lock(), uart_port_unlock() (and their variants) only lock/unlock the spin_lock. If the port is an nbcon console that has implemented the write_atomic() callback, the wrappers must also acquire/release the console context and mark the region as unsafe. This allows general port->lock synchronization to be synchronized against the nbcon write_atomic() callback. Note that __uart_port_using_nbcon() relies on the port->lock being held while a console is added and removed from the console list (i.e. all uart nbcon drivers *must* take the port->lock in their device_lock() callbacks). Signed-off-by:
Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by:
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John Ogness authored
Provide functions nbcon_device_try_acquire() and nbcon_device_release() which will try to acquire the nbcon console ownership with NBCON_PRIO_NORMAL and mark it unsafe for handover/takeover. These functions are to be used together with the device-specific locking when performing non-printing activities on the console device. They will allow synchronization against the atomic_write() callback which will be serialized, for higher priority contexts, only by acquiring the console context ownership. Pitfalls: The API requires to be called in a context with migration disabled because it uses per-CPU variables internally. The context is set unsafe for a takeover all the time. It guarantees full serialization against any atomic_write() caller except for the final flush in panic() which might try an unsafe takeover. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
It was not clear when exactly console_srcu_read_flags() must be used vs. directly reading @console->flags. Refactor and clarify that console_srcu_read_flags() is only needed if the console is registered or the caller is in a context where the registration status of the console may change (due to another context). The function requires the caller holds @console_srcu, which will ensure that the caller sees an appropriate @flags value for the registered console and that exit/cleanup routines will not run if the console is in the process of unregistration. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Introduce uart_port_set_cons() as a wrapper to set @cons of a uart_port. The wrapper sets @cons under the port lock in order to prevent @cons from disappearing while another context is holding the port lock. This is necessary for a follow-up commit relating to the port lock wrappers, which rely on @cons not changing between lock and unlock. Signed-off-by:
Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240820063001.36405-12-john.ogness@linutronix.deSigned-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
It will be necessary at times for the uart nbcon console drivers to acquire the port lock directly (without the additional nbcon functionality of the port lock wrappers). These are special cases such as the implementation of the device_lock()/device_unlock() callbacks or for internal port lock wrapper synchronization. Provide low-level variants __uart_port_lock_irqsave() and __uart_port_unlock_irqrestore() for this purpose. Signed-off-by:
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John Ogness authored
Console drivers typically have to deal with access to the hardware via user input/output (such as an interactive login shell) and output of kernel messages via printk() calls. They use some classic driver-specific locking mechanism in most situations. But console->write_atomic() callbacks, used by nbcon consoles, are synchronized only by acquiring the console context. The synchronization via the console context ownership is possible only when the console driver is registered. It is when a particular device driver is connected with a particular console driver. The two synchronization mechanisms must be synchronized between each other. It is tricky because the console context ownership is quite special. It might be taken over by a higher priority context. Also CPU migration must be disabled. The most tricky part is to (dis)connect these two mechanisms during the console (un)registration. Use the driver-specific locking callbacks: device_lock(), device_unlock(). They allow taking the device-specific lock while the device is being (un)registered by the related console driver. For example, these callbacks lock/unlock the port lock for serial port drivers. Note that the driver-specific locking is only needed during (un)register if it is an nbcon console with the write_atomic() callback implemented. If write_atomic() is not implemented, the driver should never attempt to access the hardware without first acquiring its driver-specific lock. Signed-off-by:
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