When booting an HWP enabled system the kernel displays one "HWP enabled"
message for each cpu.  The messages are superfluous since HWP is globally
enabled across all CPUs. This patch also adds an informational message
when HWP is disabled via intel_pstate=no_hwp.
Signed-off-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

The check for correct frequency being set in bL_cpufreq_set_rate is
broken when the big.LITTLE switcher is active, for two reasons.

 1. The 'new_rate' variable gets overwritten before the test by the
 code calculating the frequency of the old cluster.

 2. The frequency returned by bL_cpufreq_get_rate will be the virtual
 frequency, not the actual one the intended version of new_rate contains.

This means the function always returns an error causing an endless
stream of: "cpufreq: __target_index: Failed to change cpu frequency: -5"

As the intent is to check for errors that clk_set_rate doesn't report
lets move the check to immediately after that and directly use
clk_get_rate, rather than the arm_big_little helpers which only confuse
matters. Also, update the comment to be hopefully clearer about the
purpose of the code.

Fixes: 0a95e630 (cpufreq: arm_big_little: check if the frequency is set correctly)
Signed-off-by: Jon Medhurst <tixy@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Turquette <mturquette@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

The sysfs policy directory is postfixed currently with the CPU number
for which the policy was created, which isn't necessarily the first CPU
in related_cpus mask.

To make it more consistent and predictable, lets postfix the policy with
the first cpu in related-cpus mask.
Suggested-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

The cpufreq sysfs interface had been a bit inconsistent as one of the
CPUs for a policy had a real directory within its sysfs 'cpuX' directory
and all other CPUs had links to it. That also made the code a bit
complex as we need to take care of moving the sysfs directory if the CPU
containing the real directory is getting physically hot-unplugged.

Solve this by creating 'policyX' directories (per-policy) in
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/ directory, where X is the CPU for which
the policy was first created.

This also removes the need of keeping kobj_cpu and we can remove it now.
Suggested-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: is more of a general agreement from the person that he is
Reviewed-by: is a more strict tag and implies that the reviewer has
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

They don't do anything special now, remove the unnecessary wrapper.
Reviewed-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Later patches will need to create policy specific directories in
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/ directory and so the cpufreq directory
wouldn't be ever empty.

And so no fun creating/destroying it on need basis anymore. Create it
once on system boot.
Reviewed-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

->related_cpus is empty at this point of time and copying ->cpus to it
or orring ->related_cpus with ->cpus would result in the same value. But
cpumask_copy makes it rather clear.
Reviewed-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

'timer_mutex' is required to sync work-handlers of policy->cpus.
update_sampling_rate() is just canceling the works and queuing them
again. This isn't protecting anything at all in update_sampling_rate()
and is not gonna be of any use.

Even if a work-handler is already running for a CPU,
cancel_delayed_work_sync() will wait for it to finish.

Drop these unnecessary locks.
Reviewed-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

On systems that initialize the intel_pstate driver with the performance
governor, and then switch to the powersave governor will not transition to
lower cpu frequencies until /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct
is set to a low value.

The behavior of governor switching changed after commit a0475992
("[cpufreq] intel_pstate: honor user space min_perf_pct override on
 resume").  The commit introduced tracking of performance percentage
changes via sysfs in order to restore userspace changes during
suspend/resume.  The problem occurs because the global values of the newly
introduced max_sysfs_pct and min_sysfs_pct are not lowered on the governor
change and this causes the powersave governor to inherit the performance
governor's settings.

A simple change would have been to reset max_sysfs_pct to 100 and
min_sysfs_pct to 0 on a governor change, which fixes the problem with
governor switching.  However, since we cannot break userspace[1] the fix
is now to give each governor its own limits storage area so that governor
specific changes are tracked.

I successfully tested this by booting with both the performance governor
and the powersave governor by default, and switching between the two
governors (while monitoring /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/ values,
and looking at the output of cpupower frequency-info).  Suspend/Resume
testing was performed by Doug Smythies.

[1] Systems which suspend/resume using the unmaintained pm-utils package
will always transition to the performance governor before the suspend and
after the resume.  This means a system using the powersave governor will
go from powersave to performance, then suspend/resume, performance to
powersave.  The simple change during governor changes would have been
overwritten when the governor changed before and after the suspend/resume.
I have submitted https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1271225
against Fedora to remove the 94cpufreq file that causes the problem.  It
should be noted that pm-utils is obsoleted with newer versions of systemd.
Signed-off-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

This is a workaround for KNL platform, where in some cases MPERF counter
will not have updated value before next read of MSR_IA32_MPERF. In this
case divide by zero will occur. This change ignores current sample for
busy calculation in this case.

Fixes: b34ef932 (intel_pstate: Knights Landing support)
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: 4.1+ <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.1+
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

When requested from cpufreq to set policy, look into _pss and get
control values, instead of using max/min perf calculations. These
calculation misses next control state in boundary conditions.
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Added new option "no_acpi" for not using ACPI processor performance
control objects in Intel P state driver.
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Use ACPI _PSS to limit the Intel P State turbo, max and min ratios.
This driver uses acpi processor perf lib calls to register performance.
The following logic is used to adjust Intel P state driver limits:
- If there is no turbo entry in _PSS, then disable Intel P state turbo
and limit to non turbo max
- If the non turbo max ratio is more than _PSS max non turbo value, then
set the max non turbo ratio to _PSS non turbo max
- If the min ratio is less than _PSS min then change the min ratio
matching _PSS min
- Scale the _PSS turbo frequency to max turbo frequency based on control
value.
This feature can be disabled by using kernel parameters:
intel_pstate=no_acpi
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Systems with configurable TDP have multiple max non turbo p state. Intel
P state uses max non turbo P state for scaling. But using the real max
non turbo p state causes underestimation of next P state. So using
the physical max non turbo P state as before for scaling.
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

After Ivybridge, the max non turbo ratio obtained from platform info msr
is not always guaranteed P1 on client platforms. The max non turbo
activation ratio (TAR), determines the max for the current level of TDP.
The ratio in platform info is physical max. The TAR MSR can be locked,
so updating this value is not possible on all platforms.
This change gets this ratio from MSR TURBO_ACTIVATION_RATIO if
available,
but also do some sanity checking to make sure that this value is
correct.
The sanity check involves reading the TDP ratio for the current tdp
control value when platform has configurable TDP present and matching
TAC
with this.
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

We just made sure policy->cpu is online and this check will always fail
as the policy is active. Drop it.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Saravana Kannan <skannan@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Pull scheduler fix from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Fix a long standing state race in finish_task_switch()"

* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  sched/core: Fix TASK_DEAD race in finish_task_switch()

Pull perf fix from Thomas Glexiner:
 "Fix build breakage on powerpc in perf tools"

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  perf tools: Fix build break on powerpc due to sample_reg_masks

Pull maintainer email update from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Change Matt Fleming's email address in the maintainers file"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  MAINTAINERS: Change Matt Fleming's email address

Pull irq fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Three trivial commits:

   - Fix a kerneldoc regression

   - Export handle_bad_irq to unbreak a driver in next

   - Add an accessor for the of_node field so refactoring in next does
     not depend on merge ordering"

* 'irq-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  irqdomain: Add an accessor for the of_node field
  genirq: Fix handle_bad_irq kerneldoc comment
  genirq: Export handle_bad_irq

Pull SCSI fixes from James Bottomley:
 "This is a set of three bug fixes, two of which are regressions from
  recent updates (the 3ware one from 4.1 and the device handler fixes
  from 4.2)"

* tag 'scsi-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi:
  3w-9xxx: don't unmap bounce buffered commands
  scsi_dh: Use the correct module name when loading device handler
  libiscsi: Fix iscsi_check_transport_timeouts possible infinite loop

Pull md bugfix from Neil Brown:
 "One bug fix for raid1/raid10.

  Very careless bug earler in 4.3-rc, now fixed :-)"

* tag 'md/4.3-rc4-fix' of git://neil.brown.name/md:
  crash in md-raid1 and md-raid10 due to incorrect list manipulation

My Intel email address will soon expire. Replace it with my
personal address so people still know where to send patches.
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1444494136-10333-1-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.ukSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Pull USB fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are some small USB and PHY fixes and quirk updates for 4.3-rc5.

  Nothing major here, full details in the shortlog, and all of these
  have been in linux-next for a while"

* tag 'usb-4.3-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb:
  usb: Add device quirk for Logitech PTZ cameras
  USB: chaoskey read offset bug
  USB: Add reset-resume quirk for two Plantronics usb headphones.
  usb: renesas_usbhs: Add support for R-Car H3
  usb: renesas_usbhs: fix build warning if 64-bit architecture
  usb: gadget: bdc: fix memory leak
  phy: berlin-sata: Fix module autoload for OF platform driver
  phy: rockchip-usb: power down phy when rockchip phy probe
  phy: qcom-ufs: fix build error when the component is built as a module

Pull tty/serial driver fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are a few bug fixes for the tty core that resolve reported
  issues, and some serial driver fixes as well (including the
  much-reported imx driver problem)

  All of these have been in linux-next with no reported problems"

* tag 'tty-4.3-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty:
  drivers/tty: require read access for controlling terminal
  serial: 8250: add uart_config entry for PORT_RT2880
  tty: fix data race on tty_buffer.commit
  tty: fix data race in tty_buffer_flush
  tty: fix data race in flush_to_ldisc
  tty: fix stall caused by missing memory barrier in drivers/tty/n_tty.c
  serial: atmel: fix error path of probe function
  tty: don't leak cdev in tty_cdev_add()
  Revert "serial: imx: remove unbalanced clk_prepare"

Pull staging fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are two tiny staging tree fixes for 4.3-rc5.

  One fixes the broken speakup subsystem as reported by a user, and the
  other removes an entry in the MAINTAINERS file for a developer that
  doesn't want to be listed anymore"

* tag 'staging-4.3-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging:
  staging: speakup: fix speakup-r regression
  MAINTAINERS: Remove myself as nvec co-maintainer

Pull char/misc driver fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are some small fixes for some misc drivers that resolve some
  reported issues.  All of these have been linux-next for a while"

* tag 'char-misc-4.3-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc:
  mcb: Fix error handling in mcb_pci_probe()
  mei: hbm: fix error in state check logic
  nvmem: sunxi: Check for memory allocation failure
  nvmem: core: Fix memory leak in nvmem_cell_write
  nvmem: core: Handle shift bits in-place if cell->nbits is non-zero
  nvmem: core: fix the out-of-range leak in read/write()

Pull MIPS fixes from Ralf Baechle:

 - MIPS didn't define the new ioremap_uc.  Defined it as an alias for
   ioremap_uncached.

 - Replace workaround for MIPS16 build issue with a correct one.

* git://git.linux-mips.org/pub/scm/ralf/upstream-linus:
  MIPS: Define ioremap_uc
  MIPS: UAPI: Ignore __arch_swab{16,32,64} when using MIPS16
  Revert "MIPS: UAPI: Fix unrecognized opcode WSBH/DSBH/DSHD when using MIPS16."

Pull swiotlb fixlet from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk:
 "Enable the SWIOTLB under 32-bit PAE kernels.

  Nowadays most distros enable this due to CONFIG_HYPERVISOR|XEN=y which
  select SWIOTLB.  But for those that are not interested in
  virtualization and wanting to use 32-bit PAE kernels and wanting to
  have working DMA operations - this configures it for them"

* 'stable/for-linus-4.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/swiotlb:
  swiotlb: Enable it under x86 PAE

Leandro Awa writes:
 "After switching to version 4.1.6, our parallelized and distributed
  workflows now fail consistently with errors of the form:

  T34: ./regex.c:39:22: error: config.h: No such file or directory

  From our 'git bisect' testing, the following commit appears to be the
  possible cause of the behavior we've been seeing: commit 766c4cbf"

Al Viro says:
 "What happens is that 766c4cbf got the things subtly wrong.

  We used to treat d_is_negative() after lookup_fast() as "fall with
  ENOENT".  That was wrong - checking ->d_flags outside of ->d_seq
  protection is unreliable and failing with hard error on what should've
  fallen back to non-RCU pathname resolution is a bug.

  Unfortunately, we'd pulled the test too far up and ran afoul of
  another kind of staleness.  The dentry might have been absolutely
  stable from the RCU point of view (and we might be on UP, etc), but
  stale from the remote fs point of view.  If ->d_revalidate() returns
  "it's actually stale", dentry gets thrown away and the original code
  wouldn't even have looked at its ->d_flags.

  What we need is to check ->d_flags where 766c4cbf does (prior to
  ->d_seq validation) but only use the result in cases where we do not
  discard this dentry outright"
Reported-by: Leandro Awa <lawa@nvidia.com>
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104911
Fixes: 766c4cbf ("namei: d_is_negative() should be checked...")
Tested-by: Leandro Awa <lawa@nvidia.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.1+
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull power management and ACPI fixes from Rafael Wysocki:
 "These are four fixes for bugs in the devfreq and cpufreq subsystems,
  including two regression fixes (one for a recent regression and one
  for a problem introduced in 4.2).

  Specifics:

   - Two fixes for cpufreq regressions, an acpi-cpufreq driver one
     introduced during the 4.2 cycle when we started to preserve cpufreq
     directories for offline CPUs and a general one introduced recently
     (Srinivas Pandruvada).

   - Two devfreq fixes, one for a double kfree() in an error code path
     and one for a confusing sysfs-related failure (Geliang Tang, Tobias
     Jakobi)"

* tag 'pm+acpi-4.3-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
  cpufreq: prevent lockup on reading scaling_available_frequencies
  cpufreq: acpi_cpufreq: prevent crash on reading freqdomain_cpus
  PM / devfreq: fix double kfree
  PM / devfreq: Fix governor_store()

Pull strscpy powerpc fix from Chris Metcalf.

Fix powerpc big-endian build.

* 'strscpy' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmetcalf/linux-tile:
  arch/powerpc: provide zero_bytemask() for big-endian

Pull sound fixes from Takashi Iwai:
 "We see various small fixes, but nothing looks too scary, all are small
  gentle bug fixes:

   - Most of changes are for ASoC codecs: Realtek, SGTL5000, TAS2552,
     TLV320, WM8962

   - A couple of dwc and imx-ssi fixes

   - Usual oneliner HD-audio quirks

   - An old emux synth code fix"

* tag 'sound-4.3-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound:
  MAINTAINERS: Remove wm97xx entry
  ASoC: tas2552: fix dBscale-min declaration
  ALSA: synth: Fix conflicting OSS device registration on AWE32
  ALSA: hda - Disable power_save_node for IDT 92HD73xx chips
  ALSA: hda - Apply SPDIF pin ctl to MacBookPro 12,1
  ALSA: hda: Add dock support for ThinkPad T550
  ASoC: dwc: fix dma stop transferring issue
  ASoC: dwc: correct irq clear method
  ASoC: tlv320aic3x: Prevent writing reserved registers on tlv320aic3104 CODECs
  ASoC: rt5645: Correct the naming and setting of ADC Boost Volume Control
  ASoC: sgtl5000: fix wrong register MIC_BIAS_VOLTAGE setup on probe
  ASoC: wm8962: balance pm_runtime_enable
  ASoC: imx-ssi: Fix DAI hardware signal inversions
  ASoC: sgtl5000: fix error message output for MicBias voltage
  ASoC: db1200: Fix DAI link format for db1300 and db1550

Pull clk fixes from Stephen Boyd:
 "A Samsung driver fix and a handful of TI driver fixes"

* tag 'clk-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/clk/linux:
  clk: ti: dflt: fix enable_reg validity check
  clk: ti: fix dual-registration of uart4_ick
  clk: ti: clk-7xx: Remove hardwired ABE clock configuration
  clk: samsung: fix cpu clock's flags checking

Pull MMC fixes from Ulf Hansson:
 "MMC host:
   - omap_hsmmc: Fix boot regressions for omap4430
   - omap_hsmmc: Fix legacy boot regression for omap3
   - sdhci-pxav3: Fix some clock issues for Armada 38x
   - sdhci-pxav3: Fix error handling at probe
   - sdhci-of-at91: Fix clock stabilization problem"

* tag 'mmc-v4.3-rc4' of git://git.linaro.org/people/ulf.hansson/mmc:
  mmc: sdhci-of-at91: use SDHCI_QUIRK2_NEED_DELAY_AFTER_INT_CLK_RST quirk
  mmc: sdhci: add quirk SDHCI_QUIRK2_NEED_DELAY_AFTER_INT_CLK_RST
  mmc: sdhci-pxav3: fix error handling of armada_38x_quirks
  mmc: sdhci-pxav3: disable clock inversion for HS MMC cards
  mmc: sdhci-pxav3: remove broken clock base quirk for Armada 38x sdhci driver
  mmc: host: omap_hsmmc: Fix MMC for omap3 legacy booting
  Revert "mmc: host: omap_hsmmc: use regulator_is_enabled to find pbias status"

Pull dm fixes from Mike Snitzer:
 "Three stable fixes:

   - DM core AB-BA deadlock fix in the device destruction path (vs
     device creation's DM table swap).

   - DM raid fix to properly round up the region_size to the next
     power-of-2.

   - DM cache fix for a NULL pointer seen while switching from the
     "cleaner" cache policy.

  Two fixes for regressions introduced during the 4.3 merge:

   - request-based DM error propagation regressed due to incorrect
     changes introduced when adding the bi_error field to bio.

   - DM snapshot fix to only support snapshots that overflow if the
     client (e.g. lvm2) is prepared to deal with the associated
     snapshot status interface change"

* tag 'dm-4.3-fixes-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm:
  dm snapshot: add new persistent store option to support overflow
  dm cache: fix NULL pointer when switching from cleaner policy
  dm: fix request-based dm error reporting
  dm raid: fix round up of default region size
  dm: fix AB-BA deadlock in __dm_destroy()

Pull btrfs fixes from Chris Mason:
 "These are small and assorted.  Neil's is the oldest, I dropped the
  ball thinking he was going to send it in"

* 'for-linus-4.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/linux-btrfs:
  Btrfs: support NFSv2 export
  Btrfs: open_ctree: Fix possible memory leak
  Btrfs: fix deadlock when finalizing block group creation
  Btrfs: update fix for read corruption of compressed and shared extents
  Btrfs: send, fix corner case for reference overwrite detection