The conversion tools used during DocBook/LaTeX/html/Markdown->ReST
conversion and some cut-and-pasted text contain some characters that
aren't easily reachable on standard keyboards and/or could cause
troubles when parsed by the documentation build system.

Replace the occurences of the following characters:

	- U+feff (''): BOM
	  as it is not needed on UTF-8
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/0a4b0c38a9cd1133402a04a7ff60fefd9682d42e.1623826294.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The conversion tools used during DocBook/LaTeX/html/Markdown->ReST
conversion and some cut-and-pasted text contain some characters that
aren't easily reachable on standard keyboards and/or could cause
troubles when parsed by the documentation build system.

Replace the occurences of the following characters:

	- U+00a0 (' '): NO-BREAK SPACE
	  as it can cause lines being truncated on PDF output
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/b2186e313f990488ded56d9b8d35a2d1fe479aa1.1623826294.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The conversion tools used during DocBook/LaTeX/html/Markdown->ReST
conversion and some cut-and-pasted text contain some characters that
aren't easily reachable on standard keyboards and/or could cause
troubles when parsed by the documentation build system.

Replace the occurences of the following characters:

	- U+00a0 (' '): NO-BREAK SPACE
	  as it can cause lines being truncated on PDF output
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/b6a04e881bc80a3c1d3d23ccbc8208ca3c9053fd.1623826294.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The conversion tools used during DocBook/LaTeX/html/Markdown->ReST
conversion and some cut-and-pasted text contain some characters that
aren't easily reachable on standard keyboards and/or could cause
troubles when parsed by the documentation build system.

Replace the occurences of the following characters:

	- U+00a0 (' '): NO-BREAK SPACE
	  as it can cause lines being truncated on PDF output
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/551a2af0e654226067e5c376d3e2d959cc738f39.1623826294.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The correct script name should be 'divergence.sh' instead of
'divergences.sh'.
I didn't find divergences.sh in the path of acpica/generate/linux/.
Signed-off-by: Hao Chen <chenhaoa@uniontech.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210617023300.30114-1-chenhaoa@uniontech.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/admin-guide/cputopology.rst is the wrong place to describe
sysfs ABI. So move the cputopology ABI things to
Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices-system-cpu and add a reference to
ABI doc in Documentation/admin-guide/cputopology.rst.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319041618.14316-1-song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Tian Tao <tiantao6@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210611052249.25776-1-song.bao.hua@hisilicon.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Fault injection uses debugfs in a way that the provided values via sysfs
are interpreted as u64. Providing negative numbers results in an error:

/sys/kernel/debug/fail_function# echo -1 > times
sh: write error: Invalid argument

Update the docs and examples to use "printf %#x <val>" in these cases.
For "retval", reword the paragraph a little and fix a typo.
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210603125841.27436-1-wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add and document more checkpatch message types. About 50% of all
message types are documented now.

In addition to this:

- Create a new subsection 'Indentation and Line Breaks'.
- Rename subsection 'Comment style' to simply 'Comments'.
- Refactor some of the existing types to appropriate subsections.
Reviewed-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dwaipayan Ray <dwaipayanray1@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210614141132.6881-1-dwaipayanray1@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Some parts of the guide are aged, hence need be updated.

1) The backup area of the 1st 640K on X86_64 has been removed
   by below commits, update the description accordingly.

   commit 7c321eb2 ("x86/kdump: Remove the backup region handling")
   commit 6f599d84 ("x86/kdump: Always reserve the low 1M when the crashkernel option is specified")

2) Sort out the descripiton of "crashkernel syntax" part.

3) And some other minor cleanups.
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210609083218.GB591017@MiWiFi-R3L-srv
[jc: added blank line to fix added build warning]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Since commit 72deb455 ("block: remove CONFIG_LBDAF") sector_t and
blkcnt_t types are no longer variable in size, making them unsuitable
examples for casting to the largest possible type. This patch replaces
such examples with cycles_t and blk_status_t types, whose sizes depend
on architecture and config options respectively.
Signed-off-by: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210609195058.3518943-1-cmllamas@google.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Commit acda97ac changes dax.txt to dax.rst.
Fix the references accordingly.

Cc: Igor Matheus Andrade Torrente <igormtorrente@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210611030044.1982911-4-kolyshkin@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

There is a double "the" in a message in kernel-chktaint, fix it.
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210613202059.80403-1-colin.king@canonical.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Change the file extension and add the rst constructs to integrate this
doc to the documentation infrastructure and take advantage of rst
features.
Signed-off-by: Igor Matheus Andrade Torrente <igormtorrente@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210531130515.10309-1-igormtorrente@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Fix typo in the documentation, changed from 'comatible' to
'compatible.
Signed-off-by: Nobuhiro Iwamatsu <iwamatsu@nigauri.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210531134235.720351-1-iwamatsu@nigauri.orgSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Update the description of the device stat files to include the proper
number of fields.
Signed-off-by: Gao Mingfei <g199209@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210601085145.3273-1-g199209@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Replace example code's use of strncpy() with strscpy() functions. Using
strncpy() is considered deprecated:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/deprecated.html#strncpy-on-nul-terminated-stringsSigned-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210602202914.4079123-1-keescook@chromium.orgSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

With multiple git working directories, '.git' may also be a text file
linking to the actual git tree instead of a directory.

Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210603012806.331132-1-robh@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add new zh translations
* zh_CN/dev-tools/kasan.rst
and link it to zh_CN/dev-tools/index.rst
Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Wan Jiabing <wanjiabing@vivo.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210603141127.101689-1-wanjiabing@vivo.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add translation zh_CN/admin-guide/lockup-watchdogs.rst and link it to
zh_CN/admin-guide/index.rst while clean its todo entry.
Reviewed-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Hailong Liu <liu.hailong6@zte.com.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210603145227.30956-1-liuhailongg6@163.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Translate Documentation/core-api/cachetlb.rst into Chinese.
Reviewed-by: Wu XiangCheng <bobwxc@email.cn>
Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210604090655.1971227-1-siyanteng@loongson.cnSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Fix the usage of "a/the" and improve the readability.
Signed-off-by: Haocheng Xie <xiehaocheng.cn@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210531083905.25763-1-xiehaocheng.cn@gmail.com
[jc: tweaked wording slightly]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Setting a reasonable width to \tymin prevents column squeezing
by tabulary.
Width of 20em works well in almost all the tables still in the
ascii-art format.

Excerpt from tabulary package documentation at [1]:

    To stop very narrow columns being too 'squeezed' by this process
    any columns that are narrower than \tymin are set to their natural
    width.

[1]: https://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/tabulary/tabulary.pdf

Note: Sphinx has its own default value of \tymin set in
sphinxlatextables.sty (Sphinx 4.0.2) and sphinxmulticell.sty
(Sphinx 2.4.4) as follows:

    \setlength{\tymin}{3\fontcharwd\font`0 }

, which is not sufficient for kernel-doc.

Tested against Sphinx versions 2.4.4 and 4.0.2.
Signed-off-by: Akira Yokosawa <akiyks@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/277d68fa-c96a-0ccb-6ce0-4d314851d9fe@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Translate Documentation/core-api/padata.rst into Chinese.
Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Wu XiangCheng <bobwxc@email.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210531124105.946859-1-siyanteng@loongson.cnSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Translates Documentation/core-api/symbol-namespaces.rst into Chinese.
Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Wu XiangCheng <bobwxc@email.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210527064347.3936694-1-siyanteng@loongson.cnSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The pip packages are only needed when the distro-provided
Sphinx version is not good enough.

Don't recommend installing it if not needed.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/04ce53b77b37f1e495c3abc39c2d3dc407895dc0.1621949137.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The sphinx-pre-install supports installing sphinx via a virtual
environment using pip/pypi or directly from the distribution's
package, when --no-virtualenv is used.

However, even when --no-virtualenv, the current logic is
still recomending to install a virtual env, due to a regression.

It turns that the logic there is complex, as it depends on
several different conditions.

Split the code which recommends Sphinx on two separate
functions, in order to clean up the code.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/9dedaec201803017b7a7dc24a074f3a4f040b72a.1621949137.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Two new commits were added to the original document:

commit ddba35031db2ea89facc91c745e5ad55ba2e0e7f
commit 20bc8c1e

translate them into Chinese.
Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Wu XiangCheng <bobwxc@email.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210524022308.1216098-1-siyanteng@loongson.cnSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Translate Documentation/core-api/local_ops.rst into Chinese.
Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Wu XiangCheng <bobwxc@email.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/11da5738679fbab9e875f434745d16db1f167f90.1621823299.git.siyanteng@loongson.cnSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Translate Documentation/core-api/refcount-vs-atomic.rst into Chinese.
Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Wu XiangCheng <bobwxc@email.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/cbdd1d8b23b8ce6dff0a98a0d89b78673365aa28.1621823299.git.siyanteng@loongson.cnSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

risc-v and arm64 support numa=off by common arch_numa_init()
in drivers/base/arch_numa.c. x86, ppc, mips, sparc support it
by arch-level early_param.
numa=off is widely used in linux distributions. it is better
to document it.
Signed-off-by: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210524051715.13604-1-song.bao.hua@hisilicon.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The description of those vars produce this warning:
  Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio:799: WARNING: Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.

Due to an asterisk, which is the markup for emphasis. One possible
fix would be to use ``*_timeout`` to avoid it, but looking at
the descriptions of other fields in this file, a common pattern
is to refer to "these" when talking about the API calls that
are described.

So, change the text in order to preserve the meaning while
avoiding the need of using an asterisk there.
Reported-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Reported-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/dbf0d94f85217f103d77dc8389c8db272f5702d2.1621944866.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.org
[jc fixed specifiy->specify]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Descrption -> Description

This causes some errors when parsed via scripts/get_abi.pl.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/fa90a2deebac80da42b1ad4cf570c4ace436577d.1621944866.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Activating xeCJK in English and Italian-translation documents
results in sub-optimal typesetting with wide-looking apostrophes
and quotation marks.

The xeCJK package provides macros for enabling and disabling its
effect in the middle of a document, namely \makexeCJKactive and
\makexeCJKinactive.

So the goal of this change is to activate xeCJK in the relevant
chapters in translations.

To do this:

    o Define custom macros in the preamble depending on the
      availability of the "Noto Sans CJK" font so that those
      macros can be used regardless of the use of xeCJK package.

    o Patch \sphinxtableofcontents so that xeCJK is inactivated
      after table of contents.

    o Embed those custom macros in each language's index.rst file
      as a ".. raw:: latex" construct.

Note: A CJK chapter needs \kerneldocCJKon in front of its chapter
heading, while a non-CJK chapter should have \kerneldocCJKoff
below its chapter heading.

This is to make sure the CJK font is available to CJK chapter's
heading and ending page's footer.

Tested against Sphinx versions 2.4.4 and 4.0.2.
Signed-off-by: Akira Yokosawa <akiyks@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Wu XiangCheng <bobwxc@email.cn>
Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2061da0a-6ab1-35f3-99c1-dbc415444f37@gmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/83208ddc-5de9-b283-3fd6-92c635348ca0@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

While include/linux/bitops.h brings in the BIT() macro, it was moved to
include/linux/bits.h in commit 8bd9cb51 ("locking/atomics, asm-generic:
Move some macros from <linux/bitops.h> to a new <linux/bits.h> file").

Since that commit BIT() has moved again into include/vdso/bits.h via
commit 3945ff37 ("linux/bits.h: Extract common header for vDSO").

I think the move to the vDSO header can be considered an implementation
detail, so for now update the checkpatch documentation to recommend use
of include/linux/bits.h.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Jeffery <andrew@aj.id.au>
Acked-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Dwaipayan Ray <dwaipayanray1@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210520093949.511471-1-andrew@aj.id.auSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

It is 'driver' to complete the request. Also remove a redundant space.
Signed-off-by: Yue Hu <huyue2@yulong.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210520074225.1989-1-zbestahu@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

This patch translates Documentation/parisc/registers.rst into Chinese.
Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Wu XiangCheng <bobwxc@email.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/b8375b5cd2c5163691691fe4757511ce984f3b83.1620805100.git.siyanteng@loongson.cnSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

This patch translates Documentation/parisc/debugging.rst into Chinese.
Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/32661b39374f012442b760444ef149afcc0d22af.1620805100.git.siyanteng@loongson.cnSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

This patch translates Documentation/parisc/index.rst into Chinese.
Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Wu XiangCheng <bobwxc@email.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/c13ce34b11a65e1f18c4e37566509ead82f2c15f.1620805100.git.siyanteng@loongson.cnSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

- Document a couple of more checkpatch message types.
- Add a blank line before all `See:` lines to improve the
  rst output.
- Create a new subsection `Permissions` and move a few types
  to it.
Signed-off-by: Dwaipayan Ray <dwaipayanray1@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210515132348.19082-1-dwaipayanray1@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Replace /* fall through */ comment with fallthrough, make
it align with original process/coding-style.rst
Signed-off-by: Wei Ming Chen <jj251510319013@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210515155142.2490-1-jj251510319013@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>