1. 01 Aug, 2012 40 commits
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: add support for a filesystem to activate swap files and use direct_IO for writing swap pages · 62c230bc
      Mel Gorman authored
      Currently swapfiles are managed entirely by the core VM by using ->bmap to
      allocate space and write to the blocks directly.  This effectively ensures
      that the underlying blocks are allocated and avoids the need for the swap
      subsystem to locate what physical blocks store offsets within a file.
      
      If the swap subsystem is to use the filesystem information to locate the
      blocks, it is critical that information such as block groups, block
      bitmaps and the block descriptor table that map the swap file were
      resident in memory.  This patch adds address_space_operations that the VM
      can call when activating or deactivating swap backed by a file.
      
        int swap_activate(struct file *);
        int swap_deactivate(struct file *);
      
      The ->swap_activate() method is used to communicate to the file that the
      VM relies on it, and the address_space should take adequate measures such
      as reserving space in the underlying device, reserving memory for mempools
      and pinning information such as the block descriptor table in memory.  The
      ->swap_deactivate() method is called on sys_swapoff() if ->swap_activate()
      returned success.
      
      After a successful swapfile ->swap_activate, the swapfile is marked
      SWP_FILE and swapper_space.a_ops will proxy to
      sis->swap_file->f_mappings->a_ops using ->direct_io to write swapcache
      pages and ->readpage to read.
      
      It is perfectly possible that direct_IO be used to read the swap pages but
      it is an unnecessary complication.  Similarly, it is possible that
      ->writepage be used instead of direct_io to write the pages but filesystem
      developers have stated that calling writepage from the VM is undesirable
      for a variety of reasons and using direct_IO opens up the possibility of
      writing back batches of swap pages in the future.
      
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original patch]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      62c230bc
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: add get_kernel_page[s] for pinning of kernel addresses for I/O · 18022c5d
      Mel Gorman authored
      This patch adds two new APIs get_kernel_pages() and get_kernel_page() that
      may be used to pin a vector of kernel addresses for IO.  The initial user
      is expected to be NFS for allowing pages to be written to swap using
      aops->direct_IO().  Strictly speaking, swap-over-NFS only needs to pin one
      page for IO but it makes sense to express the API in terms of a vector and
      add a helper for pinning single pages.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      18022c5d
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: methods for teaching filesystems about PG_swapcache pages · f981c595
      Mel Gorman authored
      In order to teach filesystems to handle swap cache pages, three new page
      functions are introduced:
      
        pgoff_t page_file_index(struct page *);
        loff_t page_file_offset(struct page *);
        struct address_space *page_file_mapping(struct page *);
      
      page_file_index() - gives the offset of this page in the file in
      PAGE_CACHE_SIZE blocks.  Like page->index is for mapped pages, this
      function also gives the correct index for PG_swapcache pages.
      
      page_file_offset() - uses page_file_index(), so that it will give the
      expected result, even for PG_swapcache pages.
      
      page_file_mapping() - gives the mapping backing the actual page; that is
      for swap cache pages it will give swap_file->f_mapping.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      f981c595
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      selinux: tag avc cache alloc as non-critical · 6290c2c4
      Mel Gorman authored
      Failing to allocate a cache entry will only harm performance not
      correctness.  Do not consume valuable reserve pages for something like
      that.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarEric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      6290c2c4
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: prevent a stream-specific deadlock · c76562b6
      Mel Gorman authored
      This patch series is based on top of "Swap-over-NBD without deadlocking
      v15" as it depends on the same reservation of PF_MEMALLOC reserves logic.
      
      When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they
      create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it
      with swapon.  In diskless systems this is not an option so if swap if
      required then swapping over the network is considered.  The two likely
      scenarios are when blade servers are used as part of a cluster where the
      form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the use of disks and thin
      clients.
      
      The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block
      Device (NBD) for swap but this is not always an option.  There is no
      guarantee that the network attached storage (NAS) device is running Linux
      or supports NBD.  However, it is likely that it supports NFS so there are
      users that want support for swapping over NFS despite any performance
      concern.  Some distributions currently carry patches that support swapping
      over NFS but it would be preferable to support it in the mainline kernel.
      
      Patch 1 avoids a stream-specific deadlock that potentially affects TCP.
      
      Patch 2 is a small modification to SELinux to avoid using PFMEMALLOC
      	reserves.
      
      Patch 3 adds three helpers for filesystems to handle swap cache pages.
      	For example, page_file_mapping() returns page->mapping for
      	file-backed pages and the address_space of the underlying
      	swap file for swap cache pages.
      
      Patch 4 adds two address_space_operations to allow a filesystem
      	to pin all metadata relevant to a swapfile in memory. Upon
      	successful activation, the swapfile is marked SWP_FILE and
      	the address space operation ->direct_IO is used for writing
      	and ->readpage for reading in swap pages.
      
      Patch 5 notes that patch 3 is bolting
      	filesystem-specific-swapfile-support onto the side and that
      	the default handlers have different information to what
      	is available to the filesystem. This patch refactors the
      	code so that there are generic handlers for each of the new
      	address_space operations.
      
      Patch 6 adds an API to allow a vector of kernel addresses to be
      	translated to struct pages and pinned for IO.
      
      Patch 7 adds support for using highmem pages for swap by kmapping
      	the pages before calling the direct_IO handler.
      
      Patch 8 updates NFS to use the helpers from patch 3 where necessary.
      
      Patch 9 avoids setting PF_private on PG_swapcache pages within NFS.
      
      Patch 10 implements the new swapfile-related address_space operations
      	for NFS and teaches the direct IO handler how to manage
      	kernel addresses.
      
      Patch 11 prevents page allocator recursions in NFS by using GFP_NOIO
      	where appropriate.
      
      Patch 12 fixes a NULL pointer dereference that occurs when using
      	swap-over-NFS.
      
      With the patches applied, it is possible to mount a swapfile that is on an
      NFS filesystem.  Swap performance is not great with a swap stress test
      taking roughly twice as long to complete than if the swap device was
      backed by NBD.
      
      This patch: netvm: prevent a stream-specific deadlock
      
      It could happen that all !SOCK_MEMALLOC sockets have buffered so much data
      that we're over the global rmem limit.  This will prevent SOCK_MEMALLOC
      buffers from receiving data, which will prevent userspace from running,
      which is needed to reduce the buffered data.
      
      Fix this by exempting the SOCK_MEMALLOC sockets from the rmem limit.  Once
      this change it applied, it is important that sockets that set
      SOCK_MEMALLOC do not clear the flag until the socket is being torn down.
      If this happens, a warning is generated and the tokens reclaimed to avoid
      accounting errors until the bug is fixed.
      
      [davem@davemloft.net: Warning about clearing SOCK_MEMALLOC]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      c76562b6
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: account for the number of times direct reclaimers get throttled · 68243e76
      Mel Gorman authored
      Under significant pressure when writing back to network-backed storage,
      direct reclaimers may get throttled.  This is expected to be a short-lived
      event and the processes get woken up again but processes do get stalled.
      This patch counts how many times such stalling occurs.  It's up to the
      administrator whether to reduce these stalls by increasing
      min_free_kbytes.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      68243e76
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: throttle direct reclaimers if PF_MEMALLOC reserves are low and swap is... · 5515061d
      Mel Gorman authored
      mm: throttle direct reclaimers if PF_MEMALLOC reserves are low and swap is backed by network storage
      
      If swap is backed by network storage such as NBD, there is a risk that a
      large number of reclaimers can hang the system by consuming all
      PF_MEMALLOC reserves.  To avoid these hangs, the administrator must tune
      min_free_kbytes in advance which is a bit fragile.
      
      This patch throttles direct reclaimers if half the PF_MEMALLOC reserves
      are in use.  If the system is routinely getting throttled the system
      administrator can increase min_free_kbytes so degradation is smoother but
      the system will keep running.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      5515061d
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      nbd: set SOCK_MEMALLOC for access to PFMEMALLOC reserves · 7f338fe4
      Mel Gorman authored
      Set SOCK_MEMALLOC on the NBD socket to allow access to PFMEMALLOC reserves
      so pages backed by NBD, particularly if swap related, can be cleaned to
      prevent the machine being deadlocked.  It is still possible that the
      PFMEMALLOC reserves get depleted resulting in deadlock but this can be
      resolved by the administrator by increasing min_free_kbytes.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      7f338fe4
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: micro-optimise slab to avoid a function call · 381760ea
      Mel Gorman authored
      Getting and putting objects in SLAB currently requires a function call but
      the bulk of the work is related to PFMEMALLOC reserves which are only
      consumed when network-backed storage is critical.  Use an inline function
      to determine if the function call is required.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      381760ea
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: set PF_MEMALLOC as appropriate during SKB processing · b4b9e355
      Mel Gorman authored
      In order to make sure pfmemalloc packets receive all memory needed to
      proceed, ensure processing of pfmemalloc SKBs happens under PF_MEMALLOC.
      This is limited to a subset of protocols that are expected to be used for
      writing to swap.  Taps are not allowed to use PF_MEMALLOC as these are
      expected to communicate with userspace processes which could be paged out.
      
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Ideas taken from various patches]
      [jslaby@suse.cz: Lock imbalance fix]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      b4b9e355
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: propagate page->pfmemalloc from skb_alloc_page to skb · 0614002b
      Mel Gorman authored
      The skb->pfmemalloc flag gets set to true iff during the slab allocation
      of data in __alloc_skb that the the PFMEMALLOC reserves were used.  If
      page splitting is used, it is possible that pages will be allocated from
      the PFMEMALLOC reserve without propagating this information to the skb.
      This patch propagates page->pfmemalloc from pages allocated for fragments
      to the skb.
      
      It works by reintroducing and expanding the skb_alloc_page() API to take
      an skb.  If the page was allocated from pfmemalloc reserves, it is
      automatically copied.  If the driver allocates the page before the skb, it
      should call skb_propagate_pfmemalloc() after the skb is allocated to
      ensure the flag is copied properly.
      
      Failure to do so is not critical.  The resulting driver may perform slower
      if it is used for swap-over-NBD or swap-over-NFS but it should not result
      in failure.
      
      [davem@davemloft.net: API rename and consistency]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      0614002b
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: propagate page->pfmemalloc to skb · c48a11c7
      Mel Gorman authored
      The skb->pfmemalloc flag gets set to true iff during the slab allocation
      of data in __alloc_skb that the the PFMEMALLOC reserves were used.  If the
      packet is fragmented, it is possible that pages will be allocated from the
      PFMEMALLOC reserve without propagating this information to the skb.  This
      patch propagates page->pfmemalloc from pages allocated for fragments to
      the skb.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      c48a11c7
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: allow skb allocation to use PFMEMALLOC reserves · c93bdd0e
      Mel Gorman authored
      Change the skb allocation API to indicate RX usage and use this to fall
      back to the PFMEMALLOC reserve when needed.  SKBs allocated from the
      reserve are tagged in skb->pfmemalloc.  If an SKB is allocated from the
      reserve and the socket is later found to be unrelated to page reclaim, the
      packet is dropped so that the memory remains available for page reclaim.
      Network protocols are expected to recover from this packet loss.
      
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Ideas taken from various patches]
      [davem@davemloft.net: Use static branches, coding style corrections]
      [sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Avoid unnecessary cast, fix !CONFIG_NET build]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      c93bdd0e
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: allow the use of __GFP_MEMALLOC by specific sockets · 7cb02404
      Mel Gorman authored
      Allow specific sockets to be tagged SOCK_MEMALLOC and use __GFP_MEMALLOC
      for their allocations.  These sockets will be able to go below watermarks
      and allocate from the emergency reserve.  Such sockets are to be used to
      service the VM (iow.  to swap over).  They must be handled kernel side,
      exposing such a socket to user-space is a bug.
      
      There is a risk that the reserves be depleted so for now, the
      administrator is responsible for increasing min_free_kbytes as necessary
      to prevent deadlock for their workloads.
      
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original patches]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      7cb02404
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      net: introduce sk_gfp_atomic() to allow addition of GFP flags depending on the individual socket · 99a1dec7
      Mel Gorman authored
      Introduce sk_gfp_atomic(), this function allows to inject sock specific
      flags to each sock related allocation.  It is only used on allocation
      paths that may be required for writing pages back to network storage.
      
      [davem@davemloft.net: Use sk_gfp_atomic only when necessary]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      99a1dec7
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: ignore mempolicies when using ALLOC_NO_WATERMARK · 183f6371
      Mel Gorman authored
      The reserve is proportionally distributed over all !highmem zones in the
      system.  So we need to allow an emergency allocation access to all zones.
      In order to do that we need to break out of any mempolicy boundaries we
      might have.
      
      In my opinion that does not break mempolicies as those are user oriented
      and not system oriented.  That is, system allocations are not guaranteed
      to be within mempolicy boundaries.  For instance IRQs do not even have a
      mempolicy.
      
      So breaking out of mempolicy boundaries for 'rare' emergency allocations,
      which are always system allocations (as opposed to user) is ok.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      183f6371
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: only set page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was used · cfd19c5a
      Mel Gorman authored
      __alloc_pages_slowpath() is called when the number of free pages is below
      the low watermark.  If the caller is entitled to use ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
      then the page will be marked page->pfmemalloc.  This protects more pages
      than are strictly necessary as we only need to protect pages allocated
      below the min watermark (the pfmemalloc reserves).
      
      This patch only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was
      required to allocate the page.
      
      [rientjes@google.com: David noticed the problem during review]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      cfd19c5a
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: allow PF_MEMALLOC from softirq context · 907aed48
      Mel Gorman authored
      This is needed to allow network softirq packet processing to make use of
      PF_MEMALLOC.
      
      Currently softirq context cannot use PF_MEMALLOC due to it not being
      associated with a task, and therefore not having task flags to fiddle with
      - thus the gfp to alloc flag mapping ignores the task flags when in
      interrupts (hard or soft) context.
      
      Allowing softirqs to make use of PF_MEMALLOC therefore requires some
      trickery.  This patch borrows the task flags from whatever process happens
      to be preempted by the softirq.  It then modifies the gfp to alloc flags
      mapping to not exclude task flags in softirq context, and modify the
      softirq code to save, clear and restore the PF_MEMALLOC flag.
      
      The save and clear, ensures the preempted task's PF_MEMALLOC flag doesn't
      leak into the softirq.  The restore ensures a softirq's PF_MEMALLOC flag
      cannot leak back into the preempted process.  This should be safe due to
      the following reasons
      
      Softirqs can run on multiple CPUs sure but the same task should not be
      	executing the same softirq code. Neither should the softirq
      	handler be preempted by any other softirq handler so the flags
      	should not leak to an unrelated softirq.
      
      Softirqs re-enable hardware interrupts in __do_softirq() so can be
      	preempted by hardware interrupts so PF_MEMALLOC is inherited
      	by the hard IRQ. However, this is similar to a process in
      	reclaim being preempted by a hardirq. While PF_MEMALLOC is
      	set, gfp_to_alloc_flags() distinguishes between hard and
      	soft irqs and avoids giving a hardirq the ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
      	flag.
      
      If the softirq is deferred to ksoftirq then its flags may be used
              instead of a normal tasks but as the softirq cannot be preempted,
              the PF_MEMALLOC flag does not leak to other code by accident.
      
      [davem@davemloft.net: Document why PF_MEMALLOC is safe]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      907aed48
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: introduce __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to emergency reserves · b37f1dd0
      Mel Gorman authored
      __GFP_MEMALLOC will allow the allocation to disregard the watermarks, much
      like PF_MEMALLOC.  It allows one to pass along the memalloc state in
      object related allocation flags as opposed to task related flags, such as
      sk->sk_allocation.  This removes the need for ALLOC_PFMEMALLOC as callers
      using __GFP_MEMALLOC can get the ALLOC_NO_WATERMARK flag which is now
      enough to identify allocations related to page reclaim.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      b37f1dd0
    • Christoph Lameter's avatar
      mm: slub: optimise the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc checks · 5091b74a
      Christoph Lameter authored
      This patch removes the check for pfmemalloc from the alloc hotpath and
      puts the logic after the election of a new per cpu slab.  For a pfmemalloc
      page we do not use the fast path but force the use of the slow path which
      is also used for the debug case.
      
      This has the side-effect of weakening pfmemalloc processing in the
      following way;
      
      1. A process that is allocating for network swap calls __slab_alloc.
         pfmemalloc_match is true so the freelist is loaded and c->freelist is
         now pointing to a pfmemalloc page.
      
      2. A process that is attempting normal allocations calls slab_alloc,
         finds the pfmemalloc page on the freelist and uses it because it did
         not check pfmemalloc_match()
      
      The patch allows non-pfmemalloc allocations to use pfmemalloc pages with
      the kmalloc slabs being the most vunerable caches on the grounds they
      are most likely to have a mix of pfmemalloc and !pfmemalloc requests. A
      later patch will still protect the system as processes will get throttled
      if the pfmemalloc reserves get depleted but performance will not degrade
      as smoothly.
      
      [mgorman@suse.de: Expanded changelog]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarChristoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      5091b74a
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages · 072bb0aa
      Mel Gorman authored
      When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they
      create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it
      with swapon.  Swap over the network is considered as an option in diskless
      systems.  The two likely scenarios are when blade servers are used as part
      of a cluster where the form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the
      use of disks and thin clients.
      
      The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block
      Device (NBD) for swap according to the manual at
      https://sourceforge.net/projects/ltsp/files/Docs-Admin-Guide/LTSPManual.pdf/download
      There is also documentation and tutorials on how to setup swap over NBD at
      places like https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/EnableNBDSWAP The
      nbd-client also documents the use of NBD as swap.  Despite this, the fact
      is that a machine using NBD for swap can deadlock within minutes if swap
      is used intensively.  This patch series addresses the problem.
      
      The core issue is that network block devices do not use mempools like
      normal block devices do.  As the host cannot control where they receive
      packets from, they cannot reliably work out in advance how much memory
      they might need.  Some years ago, Peter Zijlstra developed a series of
      patches that supported swap over an NFS that at least one distribution is
      carrying within their kernels.  This patch series borrows very heavily
      from Peter's work to support swapping over NBD as a pre-requisite to
      supporting swap-over-NFS.  The bulk of the complexity is concerned with
      preserving memory that is allocated from the PFMEMALLOC reserves for use
      by the network layer which is needed for both NBD and NFS.
      
      Patch 1 adds knowledge of the PFMEMALLOC reserves to SLAB and SLUB to
      	preserve access to pages allocated under low memory situations
      	to callers that are freeing memory.
      
      Patch 2 optimises the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc checks
      
      Patch 3 introduces __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to the PFMEMALLOC
      	reserves without setting PFMEMALLOC.
      
      Patch 4 opens the possibility for softirqs to use PFMEMALLOC reserves
      	for later use by network packet processing.
      
      Patch 5 only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was required
      
      Patch 6 ignores memory policies when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS is set.
      
      Patches 7-12 allows network processing to use PFMEMALLOC reserves when
      	the socket has been marked as being used by the VM to clean pages. If
      	packets are received and stored in pages that were allocated under
      	low-memory situations and are unrelated to the VM, the packets
      	are dropped.
      
      	Patch 11 reintroduces __skb_alloc_page which the networking
      	folk may object to but is needed in some cases to propogate
      	pfmemalloc from a newly allocated page to an skb. If there is a
      	strong objection, this patch can be dropped with the impact being
      	that swap-over-network will be slower in some cases but it should
      	not fail.
      
      Patch 13 is a micro-optimisation to avoid a function call in the
      	common case.
      
      Patch 14 tags NBD sockets as being SOCK_MEMALLOC so they can use
      	PFMEMALLOC if necessary.
      
      Patch 15 notes that it is still possible for the PFMEMALLOC reserve
      	to be depleted. To prevent this, direct reclaimers get throttled on
      	a waitqueue if 50% of the PFMEMALLOC reserves are depleted.  It is
      	expected that kswapd and the direct reclaimers already running
      	will clean enough pages for the low watermark to be reached and
      	the throttled processes are woken up.
      
      Patch 16 adds a statistic to track how often processes get throttled
      
      Some basic performance testing was run using kernel builds, netperf on
      loopback for UDP and TCP, hackbench (pipes and sockets), iozone and
      sysbench.  Each of them were expected to use the sl*b allocators
      reasonably heavily but there did not appear to be significant performance
      variances.
      
      For testing swap-over-NBD, a machine was booted with 2G of RAM with a
      swapfile backed by NBD.  8*NUM_CPU processes were started that create
      anonymous memory mappings and read them linearly in a loop.  The total
      size of the mappings were 4*PHYSICAL_MEMORY to use swap heavily under
      memory pressure.
      
      Without the patches and using SLUB, the machine locks up within minutes
      and runs to completion with them applied.  With SLAB, the story is
      different as an unpatched kernel run to completion.  However, the patched
      kernel completed the test 45% faster.
      
      MICRO
                                               3.5.0-rc2 3.5.0-rc2
      					 vanilla     swapnbd
      Unrecognised test vmscan-anon-mmap-write
      MMTests Statistics: duration
      Sys Time Running Test (seconds)             197.80    173.07
      User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds)        206.96    182.03
      Total Elapsed Time (seconds)               3240.70   1762.09
      
      This patch: mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages
      
      Allocations of pages below the min watermark run a risk of the machine
      hanging due to a lack of memory.  To prevent this, only callers who have
      PF_MEMALLOC or TIF_MEMDIE set and are not processing an interrupt are
      allowed to allocate with ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS.  Once they are allocated to
      a slab though, nothing prevents other callers consuming free objects
      within those slabs.  This patch limits access to slab pages that were
      alloced from the PFMEMALLOC reserves.
      
      When this patch is applied, pages allocated from below the low watermark
      are returned with page->pfmemalloc set and it is up to the caller to
      determine how the page should be protected.  SLAB restricts access to any
      page with page->pfmemalloc set to callers which are known to able to
      access the PFMEMALLOC reserve.  If one is not available, an attempt is
      made to allocate a new page rather than use a reserve.  SLUB is a bit more
      relaxed in that it only records if the current per-CPU page was allocated
      from PFMEMALLOC reserve and uses another partial slab if the caller does
      not have the necessary GFP or process flags.  This was found to be
      sufficient in tests to avoid hangs due to SLUB generally maintaining
      smaller lists than SLAB.
      
      In low-memory conditions it does mean that !PFMEMALLOC allocators can fail
      a slab allocation even though free objects are available because they are
      being preserved for callers that are freeing pages.
      
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original implementation]
      [sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Correct order of page flag clearing]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      072bb0aa
    • Minchan Kim's avatar
      memory-hotplug: fix kswapd looping forever problem · 702d1a6e
      Minchan Kim authored
      When hotplug offlining happens on zone A, it starts to mark freed page as
      MIGRATE_ISOLATE type in buddy for preventing further allocation.
      (MIGRATE_ISOLATE is very irony type because it's apparently on buddy but
      we can't allocate them).
      
      When the memory shortage happens during hotplug offlining, current task
      starts to reclaim, then wake up kswapd.  Kswapd checks watermark, then go
      sleep because current zone_watermark_ok_safe doesn't consider
      MIGRATE_ISOLATE freed page count.  Current task continue to reclaim in
      direct reclaim path without kswapd's helping.  The problem is that
      zone->all_unreclaimable is set by only kswapd so that current task would
      be looping forever like below.
      
      __alloc_pages_slowpath
      restart:
      	wake_all_kswapd
      rebalance:
      	__alloc_pages_direct_reclaim
      		do_try_to_free_pages
      			if global_reclaim && !all_unreclaimable
      				return 1; /* It means we did did_some_progress */
      	skip __alloc_pages_may_oom
      	should_alloc_retry
      		goto rebalance;
      
      If we apply KOSAKI's patch[1] which doesn't depends on kswapd about
      setting zone->all_unreclaimable, we can solve this problem by killing some
      task in direct reclaim path.  But it doesn't wake up kswapd, still.  It
      could be a problem still if other subsystem needs GFP_ATOMIC request.  So
      kswapd should consider MIGRATE_ISOLATE when it calculate free pages BEFORE
      going sleep.
      
      This patch counts the number of MIGRATE_ISOLATE page block and
      zone_watermark_ok_safe will consider it if the system has such blocks
      (fortunately, it's very rare so no problem in POV overhead and kswapd is
      never hotpath).
      
      Copy/modify from Mel's quote
      "
      Ideal solution would be "allocating" the pageblock.
      It would keep the free space accounting as it is but historically,
      memory hotplug didn't allocate pages because it would be difficult to
      detect if a pageblock was isolated or if part of some balloon.
      Allocating just full pageblocks would work around this, However,
      it would play very badly with CMA.
      "
      
      [1] http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/6/14/74
      
      [akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplify nr_zone_isolate_freepages(), rework zone_watermark_ok_safe() comment, simplify set_pageblock_isolate() and restore_pageblock_isolate()]
      [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION=n build]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Suggested-by: default avatarKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Tested-by: default avatarAaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar.30@gmail.com>
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      702d1a6e
    • Minchan Kim's avatar
      mm: fix free page check in zone_watermark_ok() · 2cfed075
      Minchan Kim authored
      __zone_watermark_ok currently compares free_pages which is a signed type
      with z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx] which is unsigned which might lead
      to sign overflow if free_pages doesn't satisfy the given order (or it came
      as negative already) and then we rely on the following order loop to fix
      it (which doesn't work for order-0).  Let's fix the type conversion and do
      not rely on the given value of free_pages or follow up fixups.
      
      This patch fixes it because "memory-hotplug: fix kswapd looping forever
      problem" depends on this.
      
      As benefit of this patch, it doesn't rely on the loop to exit
      __zone_watermark_ok in case of high order check and make the first test
      effective.(ie, if (free_pages <= min + lowmem_reserve))
      
      Aaditya reported this problem when he test my hotplug patch.
      Reported-off-by: default avatarAaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar@ap.sony.com>
      Tested-by: default avatarAaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar@ap.sony.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar@ap.sony.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      2cfed075
    • Minchan Kim's avatar
      mm: factor out memory isolate functions · ee6f509c
      Minchan Kim authored
      mm/page_alloc.c has some memory isolation functions but they are used only
      when we enable CONFIG_{CMA|MEMORY_HOTPLUG|MEMORY_FAILURE}.  So let's make
      it configurable by new CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION so that it can reduce
      binary size and we can check it simple by CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION, not if
      defined CONFIG_{CMA|MEMORY_HOTPLUG|MEMORY_FAILURE}.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
      Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      ee6f509c
    • David Rientjes's avatar
      mm, memcg: move all oom handling to memcontrol.c · 876aafbf
      David Rientjes authored
      By globally defining check_panic_on_oom(), the memcg oom handler can be
      moved entirely to mm/memcontrol.c.  This removes the ugly #ifdef in the
      oom killer and cleans up the code.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      876aafbf
    • David Rientjes's avatar
      mm, oom: reduce dependency on tasklist_lock · 6b0c81b3
      David Rientjes authored
      Since exiting tasks require write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock) several times,
      try to reduce the amount of time the readside is held for oom kills.  This
      makes the interface with the memcg oom handler more consistent since it
      now never needs to take tasklist_lock unnecessarily.
      
      The only time the oom killer now takes tasklist_lock is when iterating the
      children of the selected task, everything else is protected by
      rcu_read_lock().
      
      This requires that a reference to the selected process, p, is grabbed
      before calling oom_kill_process().  It may release it and grab a reference
      on another one of p's threads if !p->mm, but it also guarantees that it
      will release the reference before returning.
      
      [hughd@google.com: fix duplicate put_task_struct()]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      6b0c81b3
    • David Rientjes's avatar
      mm, memcg: introduce own oom handler to iterate only over its own threads · 9cbb78bb
      David Rientjes authored
      The global oom killer is serialized by the per-zonelist
      try_set_zonelist_oom() which is used in the page allocator.  Concurrent
      oom kills are thus a rare event and only occur in systems using
      mempolicies and with a large number of nodes.
      
      Memory controller oom kills, however, can frequently be concurrent since
      there is no serialization once the oom killer is called for oom conditions
      in several different memcgs in parallel.
      
      This creates a massive contention on tasklist_lock since the oom killer
      requires the readside for the tasklist iteration.  If several memcgs are
      calling the oom killer, this lock can be held for a substantial amount of
      time, especially if threads continue to enter it as other threads are
      exiting.
      
      Since the exit path grabs the writeside of the lock with irqs disabled in
      a few different places, this can cause a soft lockup on cpus as a result
      of tasklist_lock starvation.
      
      The kernel lacks unfair writelocks, and successful calls to the oom killer
      usually result in at least one thread entering the exit path, so an
      alternative solution is needed.
      
      This patch introduces a seperate oom handler for memcgs so that they do
      not require tasklist_lock for as much time.  Instead, it iterates only
      over the threads attached to the oom memcg and grabs a reference to the
      selected thread before calling oom_kill_process() to ensure it doesn't
      prematurely exit.
      
      This still requires tasklist_lock for the tasklist dump, iterating
      children of the selected process, and killing all other threads on the
      system sharing the same memory as the selected victim.  So while this
      isn't a complete solution to tasklist_lock starvation, it significantly
      reduces the amount of time that it is held.
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarSha Zhengju <handai.szj@taobao.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      9cbb78bb
    • David Rientjes's avatar
      mm, oom: introduce helper function to process threads during scan · 462607ec
      David Rientjes authored
      This patch introduces a helper function to process each thread during the
      iteration over the tasklist.  A new return type, enum oom_scan_t, is
      defined to determine the future behavior of the iteration:
      
       - OOM_SCAN_OK: continue scanning the thread and find its badness,
      
       - OOM_SCAN_CONTINUE: do not consider this thread for oom kill, it's
         ineligible,
      
       - OOM_SCAN_ABORT: abort the iteration and return, or
      
       - OOM_SCAN_SELECT: always select this thread with the highest badness
         possible.
      
      There is no functional change with this patch.  This new helper function
      will be used in the next patch in the memory controller.
      Reviewed-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarSha Zhengju <handai.szj@taobao.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      462607ec
    • David Rientjes's avatar
      mm, oom: move declaration for mem_cgroup_out_of_memory to oom.h · 62ce1c70
      David Rientjes authored
      mem_cgroup_out_of_memory() is defined in mm/oom_kill.c, so declare it in
      linux/oom.h rather than linux/memcontrol.h.
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      62ce1c70
    • Jiang Liu's avatar
      mm/hotplug: mark memory hotplug code in page_alloc.c as __meminit · 4ed7e022
      Jiang Liu authored
      Mark functions used by both boot and memory hotplug as __meminit to reduce
      memory footprint when memory hotplug is disabled.
      
      Alos guard zone_pcp_update() with CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG because it's only
      used by memory hotplug code.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
      Cc: Wei Wang <Bessel.Wang@huawei.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
      Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
      Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      4ed7e022
    • Jiang Liu's avatar
      mm/hotplug: free zone->pageset when a zone becomes empty · 340175b7
      Jiang Liu authored
      When a zone becomes empty after memory offlining, free zone->pageset.
      Otherwise it will cause memory leak when adding memory to the empty zone
      again because build_all_zonelists() will allocate zone->pageset for an
      empty zone.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWei Wang <Bessel.Wang@huawei.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
      Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
      Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      340175b7
    • Jiang Liu's avatar
      mm/hotplug: correctly add new zone to all other nodes' zone lists · 08dff7b7
      Jiang Liu authored
      When online_pages() is called to add new memory to an empty zone, it
      rebuilds all zone lists by calling build_all_zonelists().  But there's a
      bug which prevents the new zone to be added to other nodes' zone lists.
      
      online_pages() {
      	build_all_zonelists()
      	.....
      	node_set_state(zone_to_nid(zone), N_HIGH_MEMORY)
      }
      
      Here the node of the zone is put into N_HIGH_MEMORY state after calling
      build_all_zonelists(), but build_all_zonelists() only adds zones from
      nodes in N_HIGH_MEMORY state to the fallback zone lists.
      build_all_zonelists()
      
          ->__build_all_zonelists()
      	->build_zonelists()
      	    ->find_next_best_node()
      		->for_each_node_state(n, N_HIGH_MEMORY)
      
      So memory in the new zone will never be used by other nodes, and it may
      cause strange behavor when system is under memory pressure.  So put node
      into N_HIGH_MEMORY state before calling build_all_zonelists().
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
      Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
      Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      08dff7b7
    • Jiang Liu's avatar
      mm/hotplug: correctly setup fallback zonelists when creating new pgdat · 9adb62a5
      Jiang Liu authored
      When hotadd_new_pgdat() is called to create new pgdat for a new node, a
      fallback zonelist should be created for the new node.  There's code to try
      to achieve that in hotadd_new_pgdat() as below:
      
      	/*
      	 * The node we allocated has no zone fallback lists. For avoiding
      	 * to access not-initialized zonelist, build here.
      	 */
      	mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex);
      	build_all_zonelists(pgdat, NULL);
      	mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex);
      
      But it doesn't work as expected.  When hotadd_new_pgdat() is called, the
      new node is still in offline state because node_set_online(nid) hasn't
      been called yet.  And build_all_zonelists() only builds zonelists for
      online nodes as:
      
              for_each_online_node(nid) {
                      pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
      
                      build_zonelists(pgdat);
                      build_zonelist_cache(pgdat);
              }
      
      Though we hope to create zonelist for the new pgdat, but it doesn't.  So
      add a new parameter "pgdat" the build_all_zonelists() to build pgdat for
      the new pgdat too.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarXishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
      Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
      Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      9adb62a5
    • Wanpeng Li's avatar
    • Wanpeng Li's avatar
    • Wanpeng Li's avatar
    • Xishi Qiu's avatar
      mm: setup pageblock_order before it's used by sparsemem · ca57df79
      Xishi Qiu authored
      On architectures with CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE set, such as
      Itanium, pageblock_order is a variable with default value of 0.  It's set
      to the right value by set_pageblock_order() in function
      free_area_init_core().
      
      But pageblock_order may be used by sparse_init() before free_area_init_core()
      is called along path:
      sparse_init()
          ->sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node()
      	->usemap_size()
      	    ->SECTION_BLOCKFLAGS_BITS
      		->((1UL << (PFN_SECTION_SHIFT - pageblock_order)) *
      NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS)
      
      The uninitialized pageblock_size will cause memory wasting because
      usemap_size() returns a much bigger value then it's really needed.
      
      For example, on an Itanium platform,
      sparse_init() pageblock_order=0 usemap_size=24576
      free_area_init_core() before pageblock_order=0, usemap_size=24576
      free_area_init_core() after pageblock_order=12, usemap_size=8
      
      That means 24K memory has been wasted for each section, so fix it by calling
      set_pageblock_order() from sparse_init().
      Signed-off-by: default avatarXishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
      Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
      Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
      Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com>
      Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      ca57df79
    • Jeff Liu's avatar
      mm/memory.c:print_vma_addr(): call up_read(&mm->mmap_sem) directly · 51a07e50
      Jeff Liu authored
      Call up_read(&mm->mmap_sem) directly since we have already got mm via
      current->mm at the beginning of print_vma_addr().
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJie Liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      51a07e50
    • Minchan Kim's avatar
      vmscan: remove obsolete shrink_control comment · 8e125cd8
      Minchan Kim authored
      09f363c7 ("vmscan: fix shrinker callback bug in fs/super.c") fixed a
      shrinker callback which was returning -1 when nr_to_scan is zero, which
      caused excessive slab scanning.  But 635697c6 ("vmscan: fix initial
      shrinker size handling") fixed the problem, again so we can freely return
      -1 although nr_to_scan is zero.  So let's revert 09f363c7 because the
      comment added in 09f363c7 made an unnecessary rule.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
      Cc: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
      Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      8e125cd8
    • Rabin Vincent's avatar
      mm: CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE -> CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP · fe03025d
      Rabin Vincent authored
      0ee332c1 ("memblock: Kill early_node_map[]") wanted to replace
      CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP with CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP but
      ended up replacing one occurence with a reference to the non-existent
      symbol CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE.
      
      The resulting omission of code would probably have been causing problems
      to 32-bit machines with memory hotplug.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarRabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
      Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      fe03025d