* pm-cpuidle:
  cpuidle: add MAINTAINERS entry for ARM Exynos cpuidle driver
  drivers: cpuidle: Remove cpuidle-arm64 duplicate error messages
  drivers: cpuidle: Add idle-state-name description to ARM idle states
  drivers: cpuidle: Add status property to ARM idle states
  cpuidle: Invert CPUIDLE_FLAG_TIME_VALID logic

* pm-domains:
  ARM: shmobile: Convert to genpd flags for PM clocks for R-mobile
  ARM: shmobile: Convert to genpd flags for PM clocks for r8a7779
  PM / Domains: Initial PM clock support for genpd
  PM / Domains: Power on the PM domain right after attach completes
  PM / Domains: Move struct pm_domain_data to pm_domain.h
  PM / Domains: Extract code to power off/on a PM domain
  PM / Domains: Make genpd parameter of pm_genpd_present() const

* pm-sleep:
  PM / hibernate: Deletion of an unnecessary check before the function call "vfree"
  PM / Hibernate: Migrate to ktime_t

* pm-tools:
  tools: cpupower: fix return checks for sysfs_get_idlestate_count()

* powercap:
  powercap / RAPL: fix build dependency on iosf_mbi
  powercap / RAPL: add new model ids
  powercap / RAPL: handle atom and core differences
  powercap / RAPL: abstract per cpu type functions

* pm-clk:
  PM / clock_ops: make __pm_clk_enable more generic
  PM / clock_ops: Add pm_clk_add_clk()

* pm-config:
  PM: Kconfig: fix unmet dependency for CPU_PM

* pm-opp:
  PM / OPP replace kfree_rcu() with call_srcu() in opp_set_availability()
  PM / OPP Introduce APIs to remove OPPs
  PM / OPP mark OPPs as 'static' or 'dynamic'
  PM / OPP don't match for existing OPPs when list is empty
  PM / OPP rename 'head' as 'rcu_head' or 'srcu_head' based on its type

* acpi-video:
  ACPI / video: Run _BCL before deciding registering backlight

* acpi-pmic:
  ACPI / PMIC: AXP288: support virtual GPIO in ACPI table
  ACPI / PMIC: support PMIC operation region for XPower AXP288
  ACPI / PMIC: support PMIC operation region for CrystalCove
  iio/axp288_adc: remove THIS_MODULE owner
  mfd/axp20x: avoid irq numbering collision
  iio: adc: Add module device table for autoloading
  iio: adc: Add support for axp288 adc
  mfd: axp20x: Extend axp20x to support axp288 pmic

* acpi-scan:
  ACPI: Add _DEP support to fix battery issue on Asus T100TA

* acpi-pm:
  ACPI / sleep: Drain outstanding events after disabling multiple GPEs
  ACPI / PM: Fixed a typo in a comment

* acpi-lpss:
  dmaengine: dw: enable runtime PM
  ACPI / LPSS: introduce a 'proxy' device to power on LPSS for DMA
  ACPI / LPSS: allow to use specific PM domain during ->probe()
  ACPI / LPSS: add all LPSS devices to the specific power domain

* acpi-processor:
  ACPI / cpuidle: avoid assigning signed errno to acpi_status
  ACPI / processor: remove unused variabled from acpi_processor_power structure
  ACPI / processor: Update the comments in processor.h

* acpica:
  ACPICA: Events: Always modify GPE registers under the GPE lock
  ACPICA: Save current masks of enabled GPEs after enable register writes
  ACPICA: Update version to 20141107.
  ACPICA: Disassembler: Emit correct string for 0 stop bits.
  ACPICA: Disassembler: Update for C-style expressions.
  ACPICA: Disassembler: Add support for C-style operators and expressions.
  ACPICA: acpiexec: Add option to specify an object initialization file.
  ACPICA: iASL: Add support for to_PLD macro.

* acpi-config:
  ACPI / Kconfig: Remove redundant depends on ACPI

* acpi-osl:
  ACPI / OSL: Add IRQ handler flushing support in the OSL.
  ACPI / osl: speedup grace period in acpi_os_map_cleanup

* acpi-utils:
  ACPI: remove unnecessary sizeof(u8)

* acpi-tables:
  ACPI / table: Always count matched and successfully parsed entries
  ACPI / table: Add new function to get table entries

* device-properties:
  leds: leds-gpio: Fix multiple instances registration without 'label' property
  leds: leds-gpio: Fix legacy GPIO number case
  ACPI / property: Drop size_prop from acpi_dev_get_property_reference()
  leds: leds-gpio: Convert gpio_blink_set() to use GPIO descriptors
  ACPI / GPIO: Document ACPI GPIO mappings API
  net: rfkill: gpio: Add default GPIO driver mappings for ACPI
  ACPI / GPIO: Driver GPIO mappings for ACPI GPIOs
  input: gpio_keys_polled: Make use of device property API
  leds: leds-gpio: Make use of device property API
  gpio: Support for unified device properties interface
  Driver core: Unified interface for firmware node properties
  input: gpio_keys_polled: Add support for GPIO descriptors
  leds: leds-gpio: Add support for GPIO descriptors
  gpio: sch: Consolidate core and resume banks
  gpio / ACPI: Add support for _DSD device properties
  misc: at25: Make use of device property API
  ACPI: Allow drivers to match using Device Tree compatible property
  Driver core: Unified device properties interface for platform firmware
  ACPI: Add support for device specific properties

Pull libata fixes from Tejun Heo:
 "Three libata fixes for v3.18.  Nothing too interesting.  PCI ID ID and
  quirk additions to ahci and an error handling path fix in sata_fsl"

* 'for-3.18-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/libata:
  ahci: disable MSI on SAMSUNG 0xa800 SSD
  sata_fsl: fix error handling of irq_of_parse_and_map
  AHCI: Add DeviceIDs for Sunrise Point-LP SATA controller

Pull watchdog fix from Wim Van Sebroeck:
 "Fix the watchdog mask bit offset for Exynos7"

* git://www.linux-watchdog.org/linux-watchdog:
  watchdog: s3c2410_wdt: Fix the mask bit offset for Exynos7

Pull i2c fixes from Wolfram Sang:
 "Here are two more driver bugfixes for I2C which would be good to have"

* 'i2c/for-current' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wsa/linux:
  i2c: cadence: Set the hardware time-out register to maximum value
  i2c: davinci: generate STP always when NACK is received

The watchdog mask bit offset listed for Exynos7 is incorrect.
Fix this.
Signed-off-by: Abhilash Kesavan <a.kesavan@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Naveen Krishna Chatradhi <naveenkrishna.ch@gmail.com
Reviewd-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>

Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Two final fixlets for 3.18:
   - Prevent microcode reload wreckage on 32bit
   - Unbreak cross compilation"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86, microcode: Limit the microcode reloading to 64-bit for now
  x86: Use $(OBJDUMP) instead of plain objdump

Pull sound fixlet from Takashi Iwai:
 "Just one commit for adding a copule of HD-audio quirk entries"

* tag 'sound-3.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound:
  ALSA: hda/realtek - Add headset Mic support for new Dell machine

Pull drm intel fixes from Dave Airlie:
 "Two intel stable fixes, that should be it from me for this round"

* 'drm-fixes' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux:
  drm/i915: Unlock panel even when LVDS is disabled
  drm/i915: More cautious with pch fifo underruns

Red Hat and Fedora use a bug reporting tool that gathers data about
"broken" systems called sosreport.  Among other things, it includes the
output of 'cpupower idle-info'.  Executing 'cpupower idle-info' on a
system that has cpuidle disabled via 'cpuidle.off=1' results in a 300
second hang in the cpupower application.

ie)
[root@intel-brickland-05]# cpupower idle-info
Could not determine cpuidle driver

Analyzing CPU 0:
Number of idle states: -19
[hang]

The problem is that the cpupower code only checks for a zero return from
sysfs_get_idlestate_count().  The function can return -ENODEV (-19) as
above.  This patch fixes callers to sysfs_get_idlestate_count() to check
the right return values.
Signed-off-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Pull ACPI backlight fix from Rafael Wysocki:
 "This is a simple fix for an ACPI backlight regression introduced by a
  recent commit that overlooked a corner case which should have been
  taken into account"

* tag 'pm+acpi-3.18-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
  ACPI / video: update condition to check if device is in _DOD list

Silence some pch fifo underrun reports and panel locking backtraces,
both cc: stable.

* tag 'drm-intel-fixes-2014-12-04' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/drm-intel:
  drm/i915: Unlock panel even when LVDS is disabled
  drm/i915: More cautious with pch fifo underruns

Pull media fixes from Mauro Carvalho Chehab:
 "A core fix and some driver fixes:
   - regression fix in Remote Controller core affecting RC6 protocol
     handling
   - fix video buffer handling in cx23885
   - race fix in solo6x10
   - fix image selection in smiapp
   - fix reported payload size on s2255drv
   - two updates for MAINTAINERS file"

* tag 'media/v3.18-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-media:
  [media] rc-core: fix toggle handling in the rc6 decoder
  MAINTAINERS: Update mchehab's addresses
  [media] cx23885: use sg = sg_next(sg) instead of sg++
  [media] s2255drv: fix payload size for JPG, MJPEG
  [media] Update MAINTAINERS for solo6x10
  [media] solo6x10: fix a race in IRQ handler
  [media] smiapp: Only some selection targets are settable

A typo "header=y" was introduced by commit 7071cf7f ("uapi: add
missing network related headers to kbuild").
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Cadence I2C controller has bug wherein it generates invalid read transactions
after timeout in master receiver mode. This driver does not use the HW
timeout and this interrupt is disabled but the feature itself cannot be
disabled. Hence, this patch writes the maximum value (0xFF) to this register.
This is one of the workarounds to this bug and it will not avoid the issue
completely but reduces the chances of error.
Signed-off-by: Vishnu Motghare <vishnum@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Harini Katakam <harinik@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

According to I2C specification the NACK should be handled as follows:
"When SDA remains HIGH during this ninth clock pulse, this is defined as the Not
Acknowledge signal. The master can then generate either a STOP condition to
abort the transfer, or a repeated START condition to start a new transfer."
[I2C spec Rev. 6, 3.1.6: http://www.nxp.com/documents/user_manual/UM10204.pdf]

Currently the Davinci i2c driver interrupts the transfer on receipt of a
NACK but fails to send a STOP in some situations and so makes the bus
stuck until next I2C IP reset (idle/enable).

For example, the issue will happen during SMBus read transfer which
consists from two i2c messages write command/address and read data:

S Slave Address Wr A Command Code A Sr Slave Address Rd A D1..Dn A P
<--- write -----------------------> <--- read --------------------->

The I2C client device will send NACK if it can't recognize "Command Code"
and it's expected from I2C master to generate STP in this case.
But now, Davinci i2C driver will just exit with -EREMOTEIO and STP will
not be generated.

Hence, fix it by generating Stop condition (STP) always when NACK is received.

This patch fixes Davinci I2C in the same way it was done for OMAP I2C
commit cda2109a ("i2c: omap: query STP always when NACK is received").
Reviewed-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Reported-by: Hein Tibosch <hein_tibosch@yahoo.es>
Signed-off-by: Grygorii Strashko <grygorii.strashko@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

Just like 0x1600 which got blacklisted by 66a7cbc3 ("ahci: disable
MSI instead of NCQ on Samsung pci-e SSDs on macbooks"), 0xa800 chokes
on NCQ commands if MSI is enabled.  Disable MSI.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Dominik Mierzejewski <dominik@greysector.net>
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=89171
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

It appears that some SCHEDULE_USER (asm for schedule_user) callers
in arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S are called from RCU kernel context,
and schedule_user will return in RCU user context.  This causes RCU
warnings and possible failures.

This is intended to be a minimal fix suitable for 3.18.
Reported-and-tested-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since commit a43f2cbb ("leds: leds-gpio: Make use of device property
API") it is no longer possible to register multiple gpio leds without passing
the 'label' property.

According to Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/common.txt:

"Optional properties for child nodes:
- label : The label for this LED.  If omitted, the label is
  taken from the node name (excluding the unit address)."

So retrieve the node name when the 'label' property is absent to keep the old
behaviour and fix this regression.

Fixes: a43f2cbb (leds: leds-gpio: Make use of device property API)
Reported-by: Jean-Michel Hautbois <jean-michel.hautbois@vodalys.com>
Signed-off-by: Fabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@freescale.com>
Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Bryan Wu <cooloney@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Instead of using the dev_ops ->stop|start() callbacks for genpd, let's
convert to use genpd's flag field and set it to GENPD_FLAG_PM_CLK.
Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Instead of using the dev_ops ->stop|start() callbacks for genpd, let's
convert to use genpd's flag field and set it to GENPD_FLAG_PM_CLK.
Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

It's quite common for PM domains to use PM clocks. Typically from SOC
specific code, the per device PM clock list is created and
pm_clk_suspend|resume() are invoked to handle clock gating/ungating.

A step towards consolidation is to integrate PM clock support into
genpd, which is what this patch does.

In this initial step, the calls to the pm_clk_suspend|resume() are
handled within genpd, but the per device PM clock list still needs to
be created from SOC specific code. It seems reasonable to have gendp to
handle that as well, but that left to future patches to address.

It's not every users of genpd that are keen on using PM clocks, thus we
need to provide this a configuration option for genpd. Therefore let's
add flag field in the genpd struct to keep this information and define
a new GENDP_FLAG_PM_CLK bit for it.
Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Since there has been quite a lot of development going on for
ARM Exynos cpuidle driver recently I would like to add separate
MAINTAINERS entry for it and add myself as the primary maintainer.

The merging process would remain (almost) unchanged with patches
going (with my Ack) through Daniel's or Kukjin's tree.
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Pull i2c bugfixes from Wolfram Sang:
 "A few driver bugfixes for 3.18"

* 'i2c/for-current' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wsa/linux:
  i2c: omap: fix i207 errata handling
  i2c: designware: prevent early stop on TX FIFO empty
  i2c: omap: fix NACK and Arbitration Lost irq handling

Pull PCI fix from Bjorn Helgaas:
 "This fixes a Tegra20 regression that we introduced during the v3.18
  merge window"

* tag 'pci-v3.18-fixes-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci:
  PCI: tegra: Use physical range for I/O mapping

Pull devicetree bugfix from Grant Likely:
 "One more bug fix for v3.18.  I debated whether or not to send you this
  merge request because we're at such a late rc.  The bug isn't critical
  in that there is only one system known to be affected and the patch is
  easy to backport.  The codepath is used by pretty much every DT based
  system, so there is risk a of regression (it /should/ be safe, but
  I've been bitten by stuff that should be safe before).  I've had it in
  linux-next for a week and haven't received any complaints.

  I think it probably should just be merged right away rather than
  waiting for the merge window and backporting.  It does fix a real bug
  and the code is theoretically safer after the change.  I can't think
  of any situation where it would be dangerous to reserve the DT memory
  an extra time.

  Summary from tag:

    Single bugfix for boot failure seen in the wild.  The memory reserve
    code tries to be clever about reserving the FDT, but it should just
    go ahead and reserve it unconditionally to avoid the problem of
    partial overlap described in the patch"

* tag 'devicetree-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/glikely/linux:
  of/fdt: memblock_reserve /memreserve/ regions in the case of partial overlap

Pull block core regression fix from Jens Axboe:
 "Single fix for a regression introduced in this development cycle,
  where dm on top of dif/dix is broken.  From Darrick Wong"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  block: fix regression where bio_integrity_process uses wrong bio_vec iterator

Pull drm fixes from Dave Airlie:
 "Radeon and Nouveau fixes:

  So nouveau had a few regression introduced, Ben and Maarten finally
  tracked down the one that was causing problems on my MacBookPro, also
  nvidia gave some info on the an engine we were using incorrectly, so
  disable our use of it, and one regresion with pci hotplug affecting
  optimus users.

  Radeon has an oops fixs, sync fix, and one workaround to avoid broken
  functionality on 32-bit x86, this needs better root causing and a
  better fix, but the bandaid is a lot safer at this point"

* 'drm-fixes' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux:
  drm/radeon: kernel panic in drm_calc_vbltimestamp_from_scanoutpos with 3.18.0-rc6
  drm/radeon: Ignore RADEON_GEM_GTT_WC on 32-bit x86
  drm/radeon: sync all BOs involved in a CS v2
  nouveau: move the hotplug ignore to correct place.
  drm/nouveau/gf116: remove copy1 engine
  drm/nouveau: prevent stale fence->channel pointers, and protect with rcu
  drm/nouveau/fifo/g84-: ack non-stall interrupt before handling it

Pull networking fixes from David Miller:

 1) Fill in ethtool link parameters for all link types in cxgb4, from
    Hariprasad Shenai.

 2) Fix probe regressions in stmmac driver, from Huacai Chen.

 3) Network namespace leaks on errirs in rtnetlink, from Nicolas
    Dichtel.

 4) Remove erroneous BUG check which can actually trigger legitimately,
    in xen-netfront.  From Seth Forshee.

 5) Validate length of IFLA_BOND_ARP_IP_TARGET netlink attributes, from
    Thomas Grag.

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net:
  cxgb4: Fill in supported link mode for SFP modules
  xen-netfront: Remove BUGs on paged skb data which crosses a page boundary
  sh_eth: Fix sleeping function called from invalid context
  stmmac: platform: Move plat_dat checking earlier
  sh_eth: Fix skb alloc size and alignment adjust rule.
  rtnetlink: release net refcnt on error in do_setlink()
  bond: Check length of IFLA_BOND_ARP_IP_TARGET attributes

Pull keyring/nfs fixes from James Morris:
 "From David Howells:

  The first one fixes the handling of maximum buffer size for key
  descriptions, fixing the size at 4095 + NUL char rather than whatever
  PAGE_SIZE happens to be and permits you to read back the full
  description without it getting clipped because some extra information
  got prepended.

  The second and third fix a bug in NFS idmapper handling whereby a key
  representing a mapping between an id and a name expires and causing
  EKEYEXPIRED to be seen internally in NFS (which prevents the mapping
  from happening) rather than re-looking up the mapping"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security:
  KEYS: request_key() should reget expired keys rather than give EKEYEXPIRED
  KEYS: Simplify KEYRING_SEARCH_{NO,DO}_STATE_CHECK flags
  KEYS: Fix the size of the key description passed to/from userspace

Merge misc fixes from Andrew Morton:
 "10 fixes"

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>:
  slab: fix nodeid bounds check for non-contiguous node IDs
  lib/genalloc.c: export devm_gen_pool_create() for modules
  mm: fix anon_vma_clone() error treatment
  mm: fix swapoff hang after page migration and fork
  fat: fix oops on corrupted vfat fs
  ipc/sem.c: fully initialize sem_array before making it visible
  drivers/input/evdev.c: don't kfree() a vmalloc address
  mm/vmpressure.c: fix race in vmpressure_work_fn()
  mm: frontswap: invalidate expired data on a dup-store failure
  mm: do not overwrite reserved pages counter at show_mem()

The bounds check for nodeid in ____cache_alloc_node gives false
positives on machines where the node IDs are not contiguous, leading to
a panic at boot time.  For example, on a POWER8 machine the node IDs are
typically 0, 1, 16 and 17.  This means that num_online_nodes() returns
4, so when ____cache_alloc_node is called with nodeid = 16 the VM_BUG_ON
triggers, like this:

  kernel BUG at /home/paulus/kernel/kvm/mm/slab.c:3079!
  Call Trace:
    .____cache_alloc_node+0x5c/0x270 (unreliable)
    .kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace+0xdc/0x360
    .init_list+0x3c/0x128
    .kmem_cache_init+0x1dc/0x258
    .start_kernel+0x2a0/0x568
    start_here_common+0x20/0xa8

To fix this, we instead compare the nodeid with MAX_NUMNODES, and
additionally make sure it isn't negative (since nodeid is an int).  The
check is there mainly to protect the array dereference in the get_node()
call in the next line, and the array being dereferenced is of size
MAX_NUMNODES.  If the nodeid is in range but invalid (for example if the
node is off-line), the BUG_ON in the next line will catch that.

Fixes: 14e50c6a ("mm: slab: Verify the nodeid passed to ____cache_alloc_node")
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>