- 07 Sep, 2017 40 commits
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Mike Rapoport authored
shmem_mfill_zeropage_pte is the low level routine that implements the userfaultfd UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE command. Since for shmem mappings zero pages are always allocated and accounted, the new method is a slight extension of the existing shmem_mcopy_atomic_pte. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1497939652-16528-4-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by:
Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Mike Rapoport authored
The shmem_acct_block and the update of used_blocks are following one another in all the places they are used. Combine these two into a helper function. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1497939652-16528-3-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by:
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Mike Rapoport authored
Patch series "userfaultfd: enable zeropage support for shmem". These patches enable support for UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE for shared memory. The first two patches are not strictly related to userfaultfd, they are just minor refactoring to reduce amount of code duplication. This patch (of 7): Currently we update inode and shmem_inode_info before verifying that used_blocks will not exceed max_blocks. In case it will, we undo the update. Let's switch the order and move the verification of the blocks count before the inode and shmem_inode_info update. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1497939652-16528-2-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
When swapping out THP (Transparent Huge Page), instead of swapping out the THP as a whole, sometimes we have to fallback to split the THP into normal pages before swapping, because no free swap clusters are available, or cgroup limit is exceeded, etc. To count the number of the fallback, a new VM event THP_SWPOUT_FALLBACK is added, and counted when we fallback to split the THP. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-13-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
"Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@intel.com> [for brd.c, zram_drv.c, pmem.c] Cc: Vishal L Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
In this patch, splitting transparent huge page (THP) during swapping out is delayed from after adding the THP into the swap cache to after swapping out finishes. After the patch, more operations for the anonymous THP reclaiming, such as writing the THP to the swap device, removing the THP from the swap cache could be batched. So that the performance of anonymous THP swapping out could be improved. This is the second step for the THP swap support. The plan is to delay splitting the THP step by step and avoid splitting the THP finally. With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 42% (from about 5.81GB/s to about 8.25GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case with 16 processes. At the same time, the IPI (reflect TLB flushing) reduced about 78.9%. The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. To test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes, which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the RAM and part of the swap device is used up. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-12-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
This patch makes mem_cgroup_swapout() works for the transparent huge page (THP). Which will move the memory cgroup charge from memory to swap for a THP. This will be used for the THP swap support. Where a THP may be swapped out as a whole to a set of (HPAGE_PMD_NR) continuous swap slots on the swap device. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-11-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
For a THP (Transparent Huge Page), tail_page->mem_cgroup is NULL. So to check whether the page is charged already, we need to check the head page. This is not an issue before because it is impossible for a THP to be in the swap cache before. But after we add delaying splitting THP after swapped out support, it is possible now. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-10-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
PTE mapped THP (Transparent Huge Page) will be ignored when moving memory cgroup charge. But for THP which is in the swap cache, the memory cgroup charge for the swap of a tail-page may be moved in current implementation. That isn't correct, because the swap charge for all sub-pages of a THP should be moved together. Following the processing of the PTE mapped THP, the mem cgroup charge moving for the swap entry for a tail-page of a THP is ignored too. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-9-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
After adding swapping out support for THP (Transparent Huge Page), it is possible that a THP in swap cache (partly swapped out) need to be split. To split such a THP, the swap cluster backing the THP need to be split too, that is, the CLUSTER_FLAG_HUGE flag need to be cleared for the swap cluster. The patch implemented this. And because the THP swap writing needs the THP keeps as huge page during writing. The PageWriteback flag is checked before splitting. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-8-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
To support delay splitting THP (Transparent Huge Page) after swapped out, we need to enhance swap writing code to support to write a THP as a whole. This will improve swap write IO performance. As Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> pointed out, this should be based on multipage bvec support, which hasn't been merged yet. So this patch is only for testing the functionality of the other patches in the series. And will be reimplemented after multipage bvec support is merged. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-7-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
The .rw_page in struct block_device_operations is used by the swap subsystem to read/write the page contents from/into the corresponding swap slot in the swap device. To support the THP (Transparent Huge Page) swap optimization, the .rw_page is enhanced to support to read/write THP if possible. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-6-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
It's hard to write a whole transparent huge page (THP) to a file backed swap device during swapping out and the file backed swap device isn't very popular. So the huge cluster allocation for the file backed swap device is disabled. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-5-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
After supporting to delay THP (Transparent Huge Page) splitting after swapped out, it is possible that some page table mappings of the THP are turned into swap entries. So reuse_swap_page() need to check the swap count in addition to the map count as before. This patch done that. In the huge PMD write protect fault handler, in addition to the page map count, the swap count need to be checked too, so the page lock need to be acquired too when calling reuse_swap_page() in addition to the page table lock. [ying.huang@intel.com: silence a compiler warning] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87bmnzizjy.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-4-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
The normal swap slot reclaiming can be done when the swap count reaches SWAP_HAS_CACHE. But for the swap slot which is backing a THP, all swap slots backing one THP must be reclaimed together, because the swap slot may be used again when the THP is swapped out again later. So the swap slots backing one THP can be reclaimed together when the swap count for all swap slots for the THP reached SWAP_HAS_CACHE. In the patch, the functions to check whether the swap count for all swap slots backing one THP reached SWAP_HAS_CACHE are implemented and used when checking whether a swap slot can be reclaimed. To make it easier to determine whether a swap slot is backing a THP, a new swap cluster flag named CLUSTER_FLAG_HUGE is added to mark a swap cluster which is backing a THP (Transparent Huge Page). Because THP swap in as a whole isn't supported now. After deleting the THP from the swap cache (for example, swapping out finished), the CLUSTER_FLAG_HUGE flag will be cleared. So that, the normal pages inside THP can be swapped in individually. [ying.huang@intel.com: fix swap_page_trans_huge_swapped on HDD] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/874ltsm0bi.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-3-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@intel.com> [for brd.c, zram_drv.c, pmem.c] Cc: Vishal L Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
Patch series "mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP after swapped out", v3. This is the second step of THP (Transparent Huge Page) swap optimization. In the first step, the splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP and adding the THP into the swap cache. In the second step, the splitting is delayed further to after the swapping out finished. The plan is to delay splitting THP step by step, finally avoid splitting THP for the THP swapping out and swap out/in the THP as a whole. In the patchset, more operations for the anonymous THP reclaiming, such as TLB flushing, writing the THP to the swap device, removing the THP from the swap cache are batched. So that the performance of anonymous THP swapping out are improved. During the development, the following scenarios/code paths have been checked, - swap out/in - swap off - write protect page fault - madvise_free - process exit - split huge page With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 42% (from about 5.81GB/s to about 8.25GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case with 16 processes. At the same time, the IPI (reflect TLB flushing) reduced about 78.9%. The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. To test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes, which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the RAM and part of the swap device is used up. Below is the part of the cover letter for the first step patchset of THP swap optimization which applies to all steps. ========================= Recently, the performance of the storage devices improved so fast that we cannot saturate the disk bandwidth with single logical CPU when do page swap out even on a high-end server machine. Because the performance of the storage device improved faster than that of single logical CPU. And it seems that the trend will not change in the near future. On the other hand, the THP becomes more and more popular because of increased memory size. So it becomes necessary to optimize THP swap performance. The advantages of the THP swap support include: - Batch the swap operations for the THP to reduce TLB flushing and lock acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space, adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap space, etc. This will help improve the performance of the THP swap. - The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO. It is particularly helpful for the swap read, which are usually 4k random IO. This will improve the performance of the THP swap too. - It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is heavily used by the applications. The 2M continuous pages will be free up after THP swapping out. - It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap turned on. Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal pages into the THP is quite slow. After the THP is split during the swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to collapse back into the THP after being swapped in. The high THP utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management too. There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on the storage device. To deal with that, the THP swap in should be turned on only when necessary. For example, it can be selected via "always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc. This patch (of 12): Previously, swapcache_free_cluster() is used only in the error path of shrink_page_list() to free the swap cluster just allocated if the THP (Transparent Huge Page) is failed to be split. In this patch, it is enhanced to clear the swap cache flag (SWAP_HAS_CACHE) for the swap cluster that holds the contents of THP swapped out. This will be used in delaying splitting THP after swapping out support. Because there is no THP swapping in as a whole support yet, after clearing the swap cache flag, the swap cluster backing the THP swapped out will be split. So that the swap slots in the swap cluster can be swapped in as normal pages later. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724051840.2309-2-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Matthias Kaehlcke authored
Several functions use an enum type as parameter for an event/state, but are called in some locations with an argument of a different enum type. Adjust the interface of these functions to reality by changing the parameter to int. This fixes a ton of enum-conversion warnings that are generated when building the kernel with clang. [mka@chromium.org: also change parameter type of inc/dec/mod_memcg_page_state()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170728213442.93823-1-mka@chromium.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170727211004.34435-1-mka@chromium.orgSigned-off-by:
Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org> Acked-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org> Signed-off-by:
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Arvind Yadav authored
attribute_group are not supposed to change at runtime. All functions working with attribute_group provided by <linux/sysfs.h> work with const attribute_group. So mark the non-const structs as const. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501157260-3922-1-git-send-email-arvind.yadav.cs@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
Arvind Yadav <arvind.yadav.cs@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Arvind Yadav authored
attribute_group are not supposed to change at runtime. All functions working with attribute_group provided by <linux/sysfs.h> work with const attribute_group. So mark the non-const structs as const. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501157240-3876-1-git-send-email-arvind.yadav.cs@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Arvind Yadav authored
attribute_group are not supposed to change at runtime. All functions working with attribute_group provided by <linux/sysfs.h> work with const attribute_group. So mark the non-const structs as const. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501157221-3832-1-git-send-email-arvind.yadav.cs@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Arvind Yadav authored
attribute_group are not supposed to change at runtime. All functions working with attribute_group provided by <linux/sysfs.h> work with const attribute_group. So mark the non-const structs as const. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501157186-3749-1-git-send-email-arvind.yadav.cs@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by:
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Arvind Yadav authored
attribute_group are not supposed to change at runtime. All functions working with attribute_group provided by <linux/sysfs.h> work with const attribute_group. So mark the non-const structs as const. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501157167-3706-2-git-send-email-arvind.yadav.cs@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Roman Gushchin authored
Commit fa06235b ("cgroup: reset css on destruction") caused css_reset callback to be called from the offlining path. Although it solves the problem mentioned in the commit description ("For instance, memory cgroup needs to reset memory.low, otherwise pages charged to a dead cgroup might never get reclaimed."), generally speaking, it's not correct. An offline cgroup can still be a resource domain, and we shouldn't grant it more resources than it had before deletion. For instance, if an offline memory cgroup has dirty pages, we should still imply i/o limits during writeback. The css_reset callback is designed to return the cgroup state into the original state, that means reset all limits and counters. It's spomething different from the offlining, and we shouldn't use it from the offlining path. Instead, we should adjust necessary settings from the per-controller css_offline callbacks (e.g. reset memory.low). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170727130428.28856-2-guro@fb.comSigned-off-by:
Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Acked-by:
Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by:
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Roman Gushchin authored
A removed memory cgroup with a defined memory.low and some belonging pagecache has very low chances to be freed. If a cgroup has been removed, there is likely no memory pressure inside the cgroup, and the pagecache is protected from the external pressure by the defined low limit. The cgroup will be freed only after the reclaim of all belonging pages. And it will not happen until there are any reclaimable memory in the system. That means, there is a good chance, that a cold pagecache will reside in the memory for an undefined amount of time, wasting system resources. This problem was fixed earlier by fa06235b ("cgroup: reset css on destruction"), but it's not a best way to do it, as we can't really reset all limits/counters during cgroup offlining. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170727130428.28856-1-guro@fb.comSigned-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
All users of pagevec_lookup() and pagevec_lookup_range() now pass PAGEVEC_SIZE as a desired number of pages. Just drop the argument. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-11-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by:
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
We want only pages from given range in filemap_range_has_page(), furthermore we want at most a single page. So use find_get_pages_range() instead of pagevec_lookup() and remove unnecessary code. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-10-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
We want only pages from given range in page_cache_seek_hole_data(). Use pagevec_lookup_range() instead of pagevec_lookup() and remove unnecessary code. Note that the check for getting less pages than desired can be removed because index gets updated by pagevec_lookup_range(). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-9-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
We want only pages from given range in remove_inode_hugepages(). Use pagevec_lookup_range() instead of pagevec_lookup(). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-8-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by:
Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Nadia Yvette Chambers <nyc@holomorphy.com> Signed-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
Both occurences of pagevec_lookup() actually want only pages from a given range. Use pagevec_lookup_range() for the lookup. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-7-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
Use pagevec_lookup_range() in ext4_find_unwritten_pgoff() since we are interested only in pages in the given range. Simplify the logic as a result of not getting pages out of range and index getting automatically advanced. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-6-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
Commit e64855c6 ("fs: Add helper to clean bdev aliases under a bh and use it") added a wrapper for clean_bdev_aliases() that invalidates bdev aliases underlying a single buffer head. However this has caused a performance regression for bonnie++ benchmark on ext4 filesystem when delayed allocation is turned off (ext3 mode) - average of 3 runs: Hmean SeqOut Char 164787.55 ( 0.00%) 107189.06 (-34.95%) Hmean SeqOut Block 219883.89 ( 0.00%) 168870.32 (-23.20%) The reason for this regression is that clean_bdev_aliases() is slower when called for a single block because pagevec_lookup() it uses will end up iterating through the radix tree until it finds a page (which may take a while) but we are only interested whether there's a page at a particular index. Fix the problem by using pagevec_lookup_range() instead which avoids the needless iteration. Fixes: e64855c6 ("fs: Add helper to clean bdev aliases under a bh and use it") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-5-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
Implement a variant of find_get_pages() that stops iterating at given index. This may be substantial performance gain if the mapping is sparse. See following commit for details. Furthermore lots of users of this function (through pagevec_lookup()) actually want a range lookup and all of them are currently open-coding this. Also create corresponding pagevec_lookup_range() function. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-4-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
Make pagevec_lookup() (and underlying find_get_pages()) update index to the next page where iteration should continue. Most callers want this and also pagevec_lookup_tag() already does this. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-3-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
Patch series "Ranged pagevec lookup", v2. In this series I make pagevec_lookup() update the index (to be consistent with pagevec_lookup_tag() and also as a preparation for ranged lookups), provide ranged variant of pagevec_lookup() and use it in places where it makes sense. This not only removes some common code but is also a measurable performance win for some use cases (see patch 4/10) where radix tree is sparse and searching & grabing of a page after the end of the range has measurable overhead. This patch (of 10): The callback doesn't ever get called. Remove it. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170726114704.7626-2-jack@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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Michal Hocko authored
Tetsuo Handa has reported[1][2][3] that direct reclaimers might get stuck in too_many_isolated loop basically for ever because the last few pages on the LRU lists are isolated by the kswapd which is stuck on fs locks when doing the pageout or slab reclaim. This in turn means that there is nobody to actually trigger the oom killer and the system is basically unusable. too_many_isolated has been introduced by commit 35cd7815 ("vmscan: throttle direct reclaim when too many pages are isolated already") to prevent from pre-mature oom killer invocations because back then no reclaim progress could indeed trigger the OOM killer too early. But since the oom detection rework in commit 0a0337e0 ("mm, oom: rework oom detection") the allocation/reclaim retry loop considers all the reclaimable pages and throttles the allocation at that layer so we can loosen the direct reclaim throttling. Make shrink_inactive_list loop over too_many_isolated bounded and returns immediately when the situation hasn't resolved after the first sleep. Replace congestion_wait by a simple schedule_timeout_interruptible because we are not really waiting on the IO congestion in this path. Please note that this patch can theoretically cause the OOM killer to trigger earlier while there are many pages isolated for the reclaim which makes progress only very slowly. This would be obvious from the oom report as the number of isolated pages are printed there. If we ever hit this should_reclaim_retry should consider those numbers in the evaluation in one way or another. [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201602092349.ACG81273.OSVtMJQHLOFOFF@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp [2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201702212335.DJB30777.JOFMHSFtVLQOOF@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp [3] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201706300914.CEH95859.FMQOLVFHJFtOOS@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp [mhocko@suse.com: switch to uninterruptible sleep] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724065048.GB25221@dhcp22.suse.cz Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170710074842.23175-1-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Tested-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by:
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by:
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Hui Zhu authored
Getting -EBUSY from zs_page_migrate will make migration slow (retry) or fail (zs_page_putback will schedule_work free_work, but it cannot ensure the success). I noticed this issue because my Kernel patched (https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/5/28/113) that will remove retry in __alloc_contig_migrate_range. This retry will handle the -EBUSY because it will re-isolate the page and re-call migrate_pages. Without it will make cma_alloc fail at once with -EBUSY. According to the review from Minchan Kim in https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/5/28/113, I update the patch to skip unnecessary loops but not return -EBUSY if zspage is not inuse. Following is what I got with highalloc-performance in a vbox with 2 cpu 1G memory 512 zram as swap. And the swappiness is set to 100. ori ne orig new Minor Faults 50805113 50830235 Major Faults 43918 56530 Swap Ins 42087 55680 Swap Outs 89718 104700 Allocation stalls 0 0 DMA allocs 57787 52364 DMA32 allocs 47964599 48043563 Normal allocs 0 0 Movable allocs 0 0 Direct pages scanned 45493 23167 Kswapd pages scanned 1565222 1725078 Kswapd pages reclaimed 1342222 1503037 Direct pages reclaimed 45615 25186 Kswapd efficiency 85% 87% Kswapd velocity 1897.101 1949.042 Direct efficiency 100% 108% Direct velocity 55.139 26.175 Percentage direct scans 2% 1% Zone normal velocity 1952.240 1975.217 Zone dma32 velocity 0.000 0.000 Zone dma velocity 0.000 0.000 Page writes by reclaim 89764.000 105233.000 Page writes file 46 533 Page writes anon 89718 104700 Page reclaim immediate 21457 3699 Sector Reads 3259688 3441368 Sector Writes 3667252 3754836 Page rescued immediate 0 0 Slabs scanned 1042872 1160855 Direct inode steals 8042 10089 Kswapd inode steals 54295 29170 Kswapd skipped wait 0 0 THP fault alloc 175 154 THP collapse alloc 226 289 THP splits 0 0 THP fault fallback 11 14 THP collapse fail 3 2 Compaction stalls 536 646 Compaction success 322 358 Compaction failures 214 288 Page migrate success 119608 111063 Page migrate failure 2723 2593 Compaction pages isolated 250179 232652 Compaction migrate scanned 9131832 9942306 Compaction free scanned 2093272 2613998 Compaction cost 192 189 NUMA alloc hit 47124555 47193990 NUMA alloc miss 0 0 NUMA interleave hit 0 0 NUMA alloc local 47124555 47193990 NUMA base PTE updates 0 0 NUMA huge PMD updates 0 0 NUMA page range updates 0 0 NUMA hint faults 0 0 NUMA hint local faults 0 0 NUMA hint local percent 100 100 NUMA pages migrated 0 0 AutoNUMA cost 0% 0% [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove newline, per Minchan] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1500889535-19648-1-git-send-email-zhuhui@xiaomi.comSigned-off-by:
Hui Zhu <zhuhui@xiaomi.com> Acked-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by:
Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Nadav Amit report zap_page_range only specifies that the caller protect the VMA list but does not specify whether it is held for read or write with callers using either. madvise holds mmap_sem for read meaning that a parallel zap operation can unmap PTEs which are then potentially skipped by madvise which potentially returns with stale TLB entries present. While the API could be extended, it would be a difficult API to use. This patch causes zap_page_range() to always consider flushing the full affected range. For small ranges or sparsely populated mappings, this may result in one additional spurious TLB flush. For larger ranges, it is possible that the TLB has already been flushed and the overhead is negligible. Either way, this approach is safer overall and avoids stale entries being present when madvise returns. This can be illustrated with the following program provided by Nadav Amit and slightly modified. With the patch applied, it has an exit code of 0 indicating a stale TLB entry did not leak to userspace. ---8<--- volatile int sync_step = 0; volatile char *p; static inline unsigned long rdtsc() { unsigned long hi, lo; __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a"(lo), "=d"(hi)); return lo | (hi << 32); } static inline void wait_rdtsc(unsigned long cycles) { unsigned long tsc = rdtsc(); while (rdtsc() - tsc < cycles); } void *big_madvise_thread(void *ign) { sync_step = 1; while (sync_step != 2); madvise((void*)p, PAGE_SIZE * N_PAGES, MADV_DONTNEED); } int main(void) { pthread_t aux_thread; p = mmap(0, PAGE_SIZE * N_PAGES, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); memset((void*)p, 8, PAGE_SIZE * N_PAGES); pthread_create(&aux_thread, NULL, big_madvise_thread, NULL); while (sync_step != 1); *p = 8; // Cache in TLB sync_step = 2; wait_rdtsc(100000); madvise((void*)p, PAGE_SIZE, MADV_DONTNEED); printf("data: %d (%s)\n", *p, (*p == 8 ? "stale, broken" : "cleared, fine")); return *p == 8 ? -1 : 0; } ---8<--- Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170725101230.5v7gvnjmcnkzzql3@techsingularity.netSigned-off-by:Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Punit Agrawal authored
When walking the page tables to resolve an address that points to !p*d_present() entry, huge_pte_offset() returns inconsistent values depending on the level of page table (PUD or PMD). It returns NULL in the case of a PUD entry while in the case of a PMD entry, it returns a pointer to the page table entry. A similar inconsitency exists when handling swap entries - returns NULL for a PUD entry while a pointer to the pte_t is retured for the PMD entry. Update huge_pte_offset() to make the behaviour consistent - return a pointer to the pte_t for hugepage or swap entries. Only return NULL in instances where we have a p*d_none() entry and the size parameter doesn't match the hugepage size at this level of the page table. Document the behaviour to clarify the expected behaviour of this function. This is to set clear semantics for architecture specific implementations of huge_pte_offset(). Discussions on the arm64 implementation of huge_pte_offset() (http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg133699.html) showed that there is benefit from returning a pte_t* in the case of p*d_none(). The fault handling code in hugetlb_fault() can handle p*d_none() entries and saves an extra round trip to huge_pte_alloc(). Other callers of huge_pte_offset() should be ok as well. [punit.agrawal@arm.com: v2] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170725154114.24131-2-punit.agrawal@arm.comSigned-off-by:
Punit Agrawal <punit.agrawal@arm.com> Reviewed-by:
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Reviewed-by:
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Oliver O'Halloran authored
These functions are the only bits of generic code that use {pud,pmd}_pfn() without checking for CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE. This works fine on x86, the only arch with devmap support, since the *_pfn() functions are always defined there, but this isn't true for every architecture. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170626063833.11094-1-oohall@gmail.comSigned-off-by:Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mike Kravetz authored
mremap will attempt to create a 'duplicate' mapping if old_size == 0 is specified. In the case of private mappings, mremap will actually create a fresh separate private mapping unrelated to the original. This does not fit with the design semantics of mremap as the intention is to create a new mapping based on the original. Therefore, return EINVAL in the case where an attempt is made to duplicate a private mapping. Also, print a warning message (once) if such an attempt is made. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/cb9d9f6a-7095-582f-15a5-62643d65c736@oracle.comSigned-off-by:
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Vlastimil Babka authored
init_pages_in_zone() is run under zone->lock, which means a long lock time and disabled interrupts on large machines. This is currently not an issue since it runs early in boot, but a later patch will change that. However, like other pfn scanners, we don't actually need zone->lock even when other cpus are running. The only potentially dangerous operation here is reading bogus buddy page owner due to race, and we already know how to handle that. The worst that can happen is that we skip some early allocated pages, which should not affect the debugging power of page_owner noticeably. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170720134029.25268-4-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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