Instead of manually allocating a 'struct shash_desc' on the stack and
calling crypto_shash_digest(), switch to using the new helper function
crypto_shash_tfm_digest() which does this for us.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Currently the simplest use of the shash API is to use
crypto_shash_digest() to digest a whole buffer.  However, this still
requires allocating a hash descriptor (struct shash_desc).  Many users
don't really want to preallocate one and instead just use a one-off
descriptor on the stack like the following:

	{
		SHASH_DESC_ON_STACK(desc, tfm);
		int err;

		desc->tfm = tfm;

		err = crypto_shash_digest(desc, data, len, out);

		shash_desc_zero(desc);
	}

Wrap this in a new helper function crypto_shash_tfm_digest() that can be
used instead of the above.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

The SHA-256 / SHA-224 library functions can't fail, so remove the
useless return value.

Also long as the declarations are being changed anyway, also fix some
parameter names in the declarations to match the definitions.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

gcc-10 complains about using the name of a standard library
function in the kernel, as we are not building with -ffreestanding:

crypto/xts.c:325:13: error: conflicting types for built-in function 'free'; expected 'void(void *)' [-Werror=builtin-declaration-mismatch]
  325 | static void free(struct skcipher_instance *inst)
      |             ^~~~
crypto/lrw.c:290:13: error: conflicting types for built-in function 'free'; expected 'void(void *)' [-Werror=builtin-declaration-mismatch]
  290 | static void free(struct skcipher_instance *inst)
      |             ^~~~
crypto/lrw.c:27:1: note: 'free' is declared in header '<stdlib.h>'

The xts and lrw cipher implementations run into this because they do
not use the conventional namespaced function names.

It might be better to rename all local functions in those files to
help with things like 'ctags' and 'grep', but just renaming these two
avoids the build issue. I picked the more verbose crypto_xts_free()
and crypto_lrw_free() names for consistency with several other drivers
that do use namespaced function names.

Fixes: f1c131b4 ("crypto: xts - Convert to skcipher")
Fixes: 700cb3f5 ("crypto: lrw - Convert to skcipher")
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Fix to return negative error code -ENOMEM from the kzalloc error handling
case instead of 0, as done elsewhere in this function.
Reported-by: Xiumei Mu <xmu@redhat.com>
Fixes: db07cd26 ("crypto: drbg - add FIPS 140-2 CTRNG for noise source")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <weiyongjun1@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

users may call crypto_has_acomp to confirm the existence of acomp before using
crypto_acomp APIs. Right now, many acomp have scomp backend, for example, lz4,
lzo, deflate etc. crypto_has_acomp will return false for them even though they
support acomp APIs.
Signed-off-by: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Added support for batch requests, per crypto engine.
A new callback is added, do_batch_requests, which executes a
batch of requests. This has the crypto_engine structure as argument
(for cases when more than one crypto-engine is used).
The crypto_engine_alloc_init_and_set function, initializes
crypto-engine, but also, sets the do_batch_requests callback.
On crypto_pump_requests, if do_batch_requests callback is
implemented in a driver, this will be executed. The link between
the requests will be done in driver, if possible.
do_batch_requests is available only if the hardware has support
for multiple request.
Signed-off-by: Iuliana Prodan <iuliana.prodan@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Added support for executing multiple requests, in parallel,
for crypto engine based on a retry mechanism.
If hardware was unable to execute a backlog request, enqueue it
back in front of crypto-engine queue, to keep the order
of requests.

A new variable is added, retry_support (this is to keep the
backward compatibility of crypto-engine) , which keeps track
whether the hardware has support for retry mechanism and,
also, if can run multiple requests.

If do_one_request() returns:
>= 0: hardware executed the request successfully;
< 0: this is the old error path. If hardware has support for retry
mechanism, the request is put back in front of crypto-engine queue.
For backwards compatibility, if the retry support is not available,
the crypto-engine will work as before.
If hardware queue is full (-ENOSPC), requeue request regardless
of MAY_BACKLOG flag.
If hardware throws any other error code (like -EIO, -EINVAL,
-ENOMEM, etc.) only MAY_BACKLOG requests are enqueued back into
crypto-engine's queue, since the others can be dropped.

The new crypto_engine_alloc_init_and_set function, initializes
crypto-engine, sets the maximum size for crypto-engine software
queue (not hardcoded anymore) and the retry_support variable
is set, by default, to false.
On crypto_pump_requests(), if do_one_request() returns >= 0,
a new request is send to hardware, until there is no space in
hardware and do_one_request() returns < 0.

By default, retry_support is false and crypto-engine will
work as before - will send requests to hardware,
one-by-one, on crypto_pump_requests(), and complete it, on
crypto_finalize_request(), and so on.

To support multiple requests, in each driver, retry_support
must be set on true, and if do_one_request() returns an error
the request must not be freed, since it will be enqueued back
into crypto-engine's queue.

When all drivers, that use crypto-engine now, will be updated for
retry mechanism, the retry_support variable can be removed.
Signed-off-by: Iuliana Prodan <iuliana.prodan@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Add crypto_enqueue_request_head function that enqueues a
request in front of queue.
This will be used in crypto-engine, on error path. In case a request
was not executed by hardware, enqueue it back in front of queue (to
keep the order of requests).
Signed-off-by: Iuliana Prodan <iuliana.prodan@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Improved the HW_RANDOM_CCTRNG help description.
Signed-off-by: Hadar Gat <hadar.gat@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

For many users, the Arm CryptoCell HW is not available, so the default for
HW_RANDOM_CCTRNG should to n.
Remove the line to follow the convention - 'n' is the default anyway so no
need to state it explicitly.
Signed-off-by: Hadar Gat <hadar.gat@arm.com>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

The cctrng is unusable on non-DT systems so we should depend
on it.
Signed-off-by: Hadar Gat <hadar.gat@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Use the defined variable "dev" to make the code cleaner.
Signed-off-by: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Change driver to not print an error message when the device
probe is deferred for a clock resource.
Signed-off-by: Lionel Debieve <lionel.debieve@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Change stm32 HASH driver to defer its probe operation when
DMA channel device is registered but has not been probed yet.
Signed-off-by: Etienne Carriere <etienne.carriere@st.com>
Reviewed-by: Lionel DEBIEVE <lionel.debieve@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Change stm32 HASH driver to defer its probe operation when
reset controller device is registered but has not been probed yet.
Signed-off-by: Etienne Carriere <etienne.carriere@st.com>
Reviewed-by: Lionel DEBIEVE <lionel.debieve@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Delete unused initialized value in cipher.c file.
Signed-off-by: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

It's not necessary to specify 'int' casting for PTR_ERR().
Signed-off-by: Zhang Shengju <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

if CRYPTO_DRBG_CTR is builtin and CTR is module, allocating such algo
will fail.
DRBG: could not allocate CTR cipher TFM handle: ctr(aes)
alg: drbg: Failed to reset rng
alg: drbg: Test 0 failed for drbg_pr_ctr_aes128
DRBG: could not allocate CTR cipher TFM handle: ctr(aes)
alg: drbg: Failed to reset rng
alg: drbg: Test 0 failed for drbg_nopr_ctr_aes128
DRBG: could not allocate CTR cipher TFM handle: ctr(aes)
alg: drbg: Failed to reset rng
alg: drbg: Test 0 failed for drbg_nopr_ctr_aes192
DRBG: could not allocate CTR cipher TFM handle: ctr(aes)
alg: drbg: Failed to reset rng
alg: drbg: Test 0 failed for drbg_nopr_ctr_aes256

So let's select CTR instead of just depend on it.
Signed-off-by: Corentin Labbe <clabbe@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

As comment of the v2, Herbert said: "The SEQIV select from CTR is historical
and no longer necessary."

So let's get rid of it.
Signed-off-by: Corentin Labbe <clabbe@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Fix the following sparse warnings:

drivers/char/hw_random/cctrng.c:316:6: warning: symbol
'cc_trng_compwork_handler' was not declared. Should it be static?
drivers/char/hw_random/cctrng.c:451:6: warning: symbol
'cc_trng_startwork_handler' was not declared. Should it be static?
Reported-by: Hulk Robot <hulkci@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Zou Wei <zou_wei@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Hadar Gat <hadar.gat@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Fix the following sparse warning:

drivers/crypto/hisilicon/qm.c:3079:5: warning: symbol 'qm_controller_reset'
was not declared. Should it be static?
Reported-by: Hulk Robot <hulkci@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Zou Wei <zou_wei@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhou Wang <wangzhou1@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

There is export_uuid() function which exports uuid_t to the u8 array.
Use it instead of open coding variant.

This allows to hide the uuid_t internals.
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Sumit Garg <sumit.garg@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

When building 64r6_defconfig with CONFIG_MIPS32_O32 disabled and
CONFIG_CRYPTO_RSA enabled:

lib/mpi/generic_mpih-mul1.c:37:24: error: invalid use of a cast in a
inline asm context requiring an l-value: remove the cast
or build with -fheinous-gnu-extensions
                umul_ppmm(prod_high, prod_low, s1_ptr[j], s2_limb);
                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
lib/mpi/longlong.h:664:22: note: expanded from macro 'umul_ppmm'
                 : "=d" ((UDItype)(w0))
                         ~~~~~~~~~~^~~
lib/mpi/generic_mpih-mul1.c:37:13: error: invalid use of a cast in a
inline asm context requiring an l-value: remove the cast
or build with -fheinous-gnu-extensions
                umul_ppmm(prod_high, prod_low, s1_ptr[j], s2_limb);
                ~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
lib/mpi/longlong.h:668:22: note: expanded from macro 'umul_ppmm'
                 : "=d" ((UDItype)(w1))
                         ~~~~~~~~~~^~~
2 errors generated.

This special case for umul_ppmm for MIPS64r6 was added in
commit bbc25bee ("lib/mpi: Fix umul_ppmm() for MIPS64r6"), due to
GCC being inefficient and emitting a __multi3 intrinsic.

There is no such issue with clang; with this patch applied, I can build
this configuration without any problems and there are no link errors
like mentioned in the commit above (which I can still reproduce with
GCC 9.3.0 when that commit is reverted). Only use this definition when
GCC is being used.

This really should have been caught by commit b0c091ae ("lib/mpi:
Eliminate unused umul_ppmm definitions for MIPS") when I was messing
around in this area but I was not testing 64-bit MIPS at the time.

Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/885Reported-by: Dmitry Golovin <dima@golovin.in>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

To provide support for SEV-ES, the hypervisor must provide an area of
memory to the PSP. Once this Trusted Memory Region (TMR) is provided to
the PSP, the contents of this area of memory are no longer available to
the x86.

Update the PSP driver to allocate a 1MB region for the TMR that is 1MB
aligned and then provide it to the PSP through the SEV INIT command.
Signed-off-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Brijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Removing the pcrypt module triggers this:

  general protection fault, probably for non-canonical
    address 0xdead000000000122
  CPU: 5 PID: 264 Comm: modprobe Not tainted 5.6.0+ #2
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC
  RIP: 0010:__cpuhp_state_remove_instance+0xcc/0x120
  Call Trace:
   padata_sysfs_release+0x74/0xce
   kobject_put+0x81/0xd0
   padata_free+0x12/0x20
   pcrypt_exit+0x43/0x8ee [pcrypt]

padata instances wrongly use the same hlist node for the online and dead
states, so __padata_free()'s second cpuhp remove call chokes on the node
that the first poisoned.

cpuhp multi-instance callbacks only walk forward in cpuhp_step->list and
the same node is linked in both the online and dead lists, so the list
corruption that results from padata_alloc() adding the node to a second
list without removing it from the first doesn't cause problems as long
as no instances are freed.

Avoid the issue by giving each state its own node.

Fixes: 894c9ef9 ("padata: validate cpumask without removed CPU during offline")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Cc: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.4+
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

This patch removes the unnecessary FIPS ifdef in cctrng.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Acked-by: Hadar Gat <hadar.gat@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

The variable "i" is redundant to be assigned a value
of zero,because it's assigned in the for loop, so remove
redundant one here.
Signed-off-by: Shengju Zhang <zhangshengju@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Tang Bin <tangbin@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

As the Jitter RNG provides an SP800-90B compliant noise source, use this
noise source always for the (re)seeding of the DRBG.

To make sure the DRBG is always properly seeded, the reseed threshold
is reduced to 1<<20 generate operations.

The Jitter RNG may report health test failures. Such health test
failures are treated as transient as follows. The DRBG will not reseed
from the Jitter RNG (but from get_random_bytes) in case of a health
test failure. Though, it produces the requested random number.

The Jitter RNG has a failure counter where at most 1024 consecutive
resets due to a health test failure are considered as a transient error.
If more consecutive resets are required, the Jitter RNG will return
a permanent error which is returned to the caller by the DRBG. With this
approach, the worst case reseed threshold is significantly lower than
mandated by SP800-90A in order to seed with an SP800-90B noise source:
the DRBG has a reseed threshold of 2^20 * 1024 = 2^30 generate requests.

Yet, in case of a transient Jitter RNG health test failure, the DRBG is
seeded with the data obtained from get_random_bytes.

However, if the Jitter RNG fails during the initial seeding operation
even due to a health test error, the DRBG will send an error to the
caller because at that time, the DRBG has received no seed that is
SP800-90B compliant.
Signed-off-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

SP800-90B specifies various requirements for the noise source(s) that
may seed any DRNG including SP800-90A DRBGs. In November 2020,
SP800-90B will be mandated for all noise sources that provide entropy
to DRBGs as part of a FIPS 140-[2|3] validation or other evaluation
types. Without SP800-90B compliance, a noise source is defined to always
deliver zero bits of entropy.

This patch ports the SP800-90B compliance from the user space Jitter RNG
version 2.2.0.

The following changes are applied:

- addition of (an enhanced version of) the repetitive count test (RCT)
  from SP800-90B section 4.4.1 - the enhancement is due to the fact of
  using the stuck test as input to the RCT.

- addition of the adaptive proportion test (APT) from SP800-90B section
  4.4.2

- update of the power-on self test to perform a test measurement of 1024
  noise samples compliant to SP800-90B section 4.3

- remove of the continuous random number generator test which is
  replaced by APT and RCT

Health test failures due to the SP800-90B operation are only enforced in
FIPS mode. If a runtime health test failure is detected, the Jitter RNG
is reset. If more than 1024 resets in a row are performed, a permanent
error is returned to the caller.
Signed-off-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

The variable err is being initialized with a value that is never read
and it is being updated later with a new value.  The initialization is
redundant and can be removed.

Addresses-Coverity: ("Unused value")
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

The variable error is being initialized with a value that is never read
and it is being updated later with a new value.  The initialization is
redundant and can be removed.

Addresses-Coverity: ("Unused value")
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Currently most of the crypto files enable the crypto extension using the
.arch directive but crct10dif-ce-core.S uses .cpu instead. Move that over
to .arch for consistency.
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

The cctrng doesn't compile without HAS_IOMEM so we should depend
on it.
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Fixes: a583ed31 ("hwrng: cctrng - introduce Arm CryptoCell driver")
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Acked-by: Hadar Gat <hadar.gat@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

due to the selects of CRYPTO_DEV_HISI_QM which now depends on ACPI

Fixes: 6c6dd580 ("crypto: hisilicon/qm - add controller reset...")
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

This fixes build failure when CONFIG_CRYPTO_FIPS is defined.

Fixes: a583ed31 ("hwrng: cctrng - introduce Arm CryptoCell driver")
Signed-off-by: Hadar Gat <hadar.gat@arm.com>
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> # build-tested
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Add Kconfig dependency to fix kbuild warnings.

Fixes: 6c6dd580 ("crypto: hisilicon/qm - add controller reset interface")
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Shukun Tan <tanshukun1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Message logged by 'dev_xxx()' or 'pr_xxx()' should end with a '\n'.

While at it, I've introduced a few pr_cont that looked logical to me.

Fixes: 10b4f094 ("crypto: marvell - add the Virtual Function driver for CPT")
Fixes: d9110b0b ("crypto: marvell - add support for OCTEON TX CPT engine")
Signed-off-by: Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

There are two problems in crypto_spawn_alg.  First of all it may
return spawn->alg even if spawn->dead is set.  This results in a
double-free as detected by syzbot.

Secondly the setting of the DYING flag is racy because we hold
the read-lock instead of the write-lock.  We should instead call
crypto_shoot_alg in a safe manner by gaining a refcount, dropping
the lock, and then releasing the refcount.

This patch fixes both problems.

Reported-by: syzbot+fc0674cde00b66844470@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Fixes: 4f87ee11 ("crypto: api - Do not zap spawn->alg")
Fixes: 73669cc5 ("crypto: api - Fix race condition in...")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

DMADEVICES is the top-level option for the slave DMA
subsystem, and should not be selected by device drivers,
as this can cause circular dependencies such as:

drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/Kconfig:6:error: recursive dependency detected!
drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/Kconfig:6:	symbol NET_VENDOR_FREESCALE depends on PPC_BESTCOMM
drivers/dma/bestcomm/Kconfig:6:	symbol PPC_BESTCOMM depends on DMADEVICES
drivers/dma/Kconfig:6:	symbol DMADEVICES is selected by CRYPTO_DEV_SP_CCP
drivers/crypto/ccp/Kconfig:10:	symbol CRYPTO_DEV_SP_CCP depends on CRYPTO
crypto/Kconfig:16:	symbol CRYPTO is selected by LIBCRC32C
lib/Kconfig:222:	symbol LIBCRC32C is selected by LIQUIDIO
drivers/net/ethernet/cavium/Kconfig:65:	symbol LIQUIDIO depends on PTP_1588_CLOCK
drivers/ptp/Kconfig:8:	symbol PTP_1588_CLOCK is implied by FEC
drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/Kconfig:23:	symbol FEC depends on NET_VENDOR_FREESCALE

The LIQUIDIO driver causing this problem is addressed in a
separate patch, but this change is needed to prevent it from
happening again.

Using "depends on DMADEVICES" is what we do for all other
implementations of slave DMA controllers as well.

Fixes: b3c2fee5 ("crypto: ccp - Ensure all dependencies are specified")
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>