- 16 Apr, 2021 3 commits
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Peter Zijlstra authored
Use the new cpu_dying() state to simplify and fix the balance_push() vs CPU hotplug rollback state. Specifically, we currently rely on notifiers sched_cpu_dying() / sched_cpu_activate() to terminate balance_push, however if the cpu_down() fails when we're past sched_cpu_deactivate(), it should terminate balance_push at that point and not wait until we hit sched_cpu_activate(). Similarly, when cpu_up() fails and we're going back down, balance_push should be active, where it currently is not. So instead, make sure balance_push is enabled below SCHED_AP_ACTIVE (when !cpu_active()), and gate it's utility with cpu_dying(). Signed-off-by:
Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by:
Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YHgAYef83VQhKdC2@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net
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Peter Zijlstra authored
Introduce a cpumask that indicates (for each CPU) what direction the CPU hotplug is currently going. Notably, it tracks rollbacks. Eg. when an up fails and we do a roll-back down, it will accurately reflect the direction. Signed-off-by:
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Peter Zijlstra authored
Prepare for addition of another mask. Primarily a code movement to avoid having to create more #ifdef, but while there, convert everything with an argument to an inline function. Signed-off-by:
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- 14 Apr, 2021 5 commits
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Eric Dumazet authored
Commit ec9c82e0 ("rseq: uapi: Declare rseq_cs field as union, update includes") added regressions for our servers. Using copy_from_user() and clear_user() for 64bit values is suboptimal. We can use faster put_user() and get_user() on 64bit arches. Signed-off-by:
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by:
Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210413203352.71350-4-eric.dumazet@gmail.com
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Eric Dumazet authored
After commit 8f281770 ("rseq: Use get_user/put_user rather than __get_user/__put_user") we no longer need an access_ok() call from __rseq_handle_notify_resume() Mathieu pointed out the same cleanup can be done in rseq_syscall(). Signed-off-by:
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Eric Dumazet authored
Two put_user() in rseq_update_cpu_id() are replaced by a pair of unsafe_put_user() with appropriate surroundings. This removes one stac/clac pair on x86 in fast path. Signed-off-by:
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Thomas Gleixner authored
The idea for this originates from the real time tree to make signal delivery for realtime applications more efficient. In quite some of these application scenarios a control tasks signals workers to start their computations. There is usually only one signal per worker on flight. This works nicely as long as the kmem cache allocations do not hit the slow path and cause latencies. To cure this an optimistic caching was introduced (limited to RT tasks) which allows a task to cache a single sigqueue in a pointer in task_struct instead of handing it back to the kmem cache after consuming a signal. When the next signal is sent to the task then the cached sigqueue is used instead of allocating a new one. This solved the problem for this set of application scenarios nicely. The task cache is not preallocated so the first signal sent to a task goes always to the cache allocator. The cached sigqueue stays around until the task exits and is freed when task::sighand is dropped. After posting this solution for mainline the discussion came up whether this would be useful in general and should not be limited to realtime tasks: https://lore.kernel.org/r/m11rcu7nbr.fsf@fess.ebiederm.org One concern leading to the original limitation was to avoid a large amount of pointlessly cached sigqueues in alive tasks. The other concern was vs. RLIMIT_SIGPENDING as these cached sigqueues are not accounted for. The accounting problem is real, but on the other hand slightly academic. After gathering some statistics it turned out that after boot of a regular distro install there are less than 10 sigqueues cached in ~1500 tasks. In case of a 'mass fork and fire signal to child' scenario the extra 80 bytes of memory per task are well in the noise of the overall memory consumption of the fork bomb. If this should be limited then this would need an extra counter in struct user, more atomic instructions and a seperate rlimit. Yet another tunable which is mostly unused. The caching is actually used. After boot and a full kernel compile on a 64CPU machine with make -j128 the number of 'allocations' looks like this: From slab: 23996 From task cache: 52223 I.e. it reduces the number of slab cache operations by ~68%. A typical pattern there is: <...>-58490 __sigqueue_alloc: for 58488 from slab ffff8881132df460 <...>-58488 __sigqueue_free: cache ffff8881132df460 <...>-58488 __sigqueue_alloc: for 1149 from cache ffff8881103dc550 bash-1149 exit_task_sighand: free ffff8881132df460 bash-1149 __sigqueue_free: cache ffff8881103dc550 The interesting sequence is that the exiting task 58488 grabs the sigqueue from bash's task cache to signal exit and bash sticks it back into it's own cache. Lather, rinse and repeat. The caching is probably not noticable for the general use case, but the benefit for latency sensitive applications is clear. While kmem caches are usually just serving from the fast path the slab merging (default) can depending on the usage pattern of the merged slabs cause occasional slow path allocations. The time spared per cached entry is a few micro seconds per signal which is not relevant for e.g. a kernel build, but for signal heavy workloads it's measurable. As there is no real downside of this caching mechanism making it unconditionally available is preferred over more conditional code or new magic tunables. Signed-off-by:
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by:
Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/87sg4lbmxo.fsf@nanos.tec.linutronix.de
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Thomas Gleixner authored
There is no point in having the conditional at the callsite. Just hand in the allocation mode flag to __sigqueue_alloc() and use it to initialize sigqueue::flags. No functional change. Signed-off-by:
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- 09 Apr, 2021 4 commits
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Valentin Schneider authored
During load-balance, groups classified as group_misfit_task are filtered out if they do not pass group_smaller_max_cpu_capacity(<candidate group>, <local group>); which itself employs fits_capacity() to compare the sgc->max_capacity of both groups. Due to the underlying margin, fits_capacity(X, 1024) will return false for any X > 819. Tough luck, the capacity_orig's on e.g. the Pixel 4 are {261, 871, 1024}. If a CPU-bound task ends up on one of those "medium" CPUs, misfit migration will never intentionally upmigrate it to a CPU of higher capacity due to the aforementioned margin. One may argue the 20% margin of fits_capacity() is excessive in the advent of counter-enhanced load tracking (APERF/MPERF, AMUs), but one point here is that fits_capacity() is meant to compare a utilization value to a capacity value, whereas here it is being used to compare two capacity values. As CPU capacity and task utilization have different dynamics, a sensible approach here would be to add a new helper dedicated to comparing CPU capacities. Also note that comparing capacity extrema of local and source sched_group's doesn't make much sense when at the day of the day the imbalance will be pulled by a known env->dst_cpu, whose capacity can be anywhere within the local group's capacity extrema. While at it, replace group_smaller_{min, max}_cpu_capacity() with comparisons of the source group's min/max capacity and the destination CPU's capacity. Signed-off-by:Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com> Reviewed-by:
Qais Yousef <qais.yousef@arm.com> Reviewed-by:
Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Tested-by:
Lingutla Chandrasekhar <clingutla@codeaurora.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210407220628.3798191-4-valentin.schneider@arm.com
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Valentin Schneider authored
When triggering an active load balance, sd->nr_balance_failed is set to such a value that any further can_migrate_task() using said sd will ignore the output of task_hot(). This behaviour makes sense, as active load balance intentionally preempts a rq's running task to migrate it right away, but this asynchronous write is a bit shoddy, as the stopper thread might run active_load_balance_cpu_stop before the sd->nr_balance_failed write either becomes visible to the stopper's CPU or even happens on the CPU that appended the stopper work. Add a struct lb_env flag to denote active balancing, and use it in can_migrate_task(). Remove the sd->nr_balance_failed write that served the same purpose. Cleanup the LBF_DST_PINNED active balance special case. Signed-off-by:
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Lingutla Chandrasekhar authored
During load balance, LBF_SOME_PINNED will be set if any candidate task cannot be detached due to CPU affinity constraints. This can result in setting env->sd->parent->sgc->group_imbalance, which can lead to a group being classified as group_imbalanced (rather than any of the other, lower group_type) when balancing at a higher level. In workloads involving a single task per CPU, LBF_SOME_PINNED can often be set due to per-CPU kthreads being the only other runnable tasks on any given rq. This results in changing the group classification during load-balance at higher levels when in reality there is nothing that can be done for this affinity constraint: per-CPU kthreads, as the name implies, don't get to move around (modulo hotplug shenanigans). It's not as clear for userspace tasks - a task could be in an N-CPU cpuset with N-1 offline CPUs, making it an "accidental" per-CPU task rather than an intended one. KTHREAD_IS_PER_CPU gives us an indisputable signal which we can leverage here to not set LBF_SOME_PINNED. Note that the aforementioned classification to group_imbalance (when nothing can be done) is especially problematic on big.LITTLE systems, which have a topology the likes of: DIE [ ] MC [ ][ ] 0 1 2 3 L L B B arch_scale_cpu_capacity(L) < arch_scale_cpu_capacity(B) Here, setting LBF_SOME_PINNED due to a per-CPU kthread when balancing at MC level on CPUs [0-1] will subsequently prevent CPUs [2-3] from classifying the [0-1] group as group_misfit_task when balancing at DIE level. Thus, if CPUs [0-1] are running CPU-bound (misfit) tasks, ill-timed per-CPU kthreads can significantly delay the upgmigration of said misfit tasks. Systems relying on ASYM_PACKING are likely to face similar issues. Signed-off-by: -
Rik van Riel authored
Mel Gorman did some nice work in 9fe1f127 ("sched/fair: Merge select_idle_core/cpu()"), resulting in the kernel being more efficient at finding an idle CPU, and in tasks spending less time waiting to be run, both according to the schedstats run_delay numbers, and according to measured application latencies. Yay. The flip side of this is that we see more task migrations (about 30% more), higher cache misses, higher memory bandwidth utilization, and higher CPU use, for the same number of requests/second. This is most pronounced on a memcache type workload, which saw a consistent 1-3% increase in total CPU use on the system, due to those increased task migrations leading to higher L2 cache miss numbers, and higher memory utilization. The exclusive L3 cache on Skylake does us no favors there. On our web serving workload, that effect is usually negligible. It appears that the increased number of CPU migrations is generally a good thing, since it leads to lower cpu_delay numbers, reflecting the fact that tasks get to run faster. However, the reduced locality and the corresponding increase in L2 cache misses hurts a little. The patch below appears to fix the regression, while keeping the benefit of the lower cpu_delay numbers, by reintroducing select_idle_smt with a twist: when a socket has no idle cores, check to see if the sibling of "prev" is idle, before searching all the other CPUs. This fixes both the occasional 9% regression on the web serving workload, and the continuous 2% CPU use regression on the memcache type workload. With Mel's patches and this patch together, task migrations are still high, but L2 cache misses, memory bandwidth, and CPU time used are back down to what they were before. The p95 and p99 response times for the memcache type application improve by about 10% over what they were before Mel's patches got merged. Signed-off-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Signed-off-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by:
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- 08 Apr, 2021 1 commit
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Josh Hunt authored
Currently only root can write files under /proc/pressure. Relax this to allow tasks running as unprivileged users with CAP_SYS_RESOURCE to be able to write to these files. Signed-off-by:
Josh Hunt <johunt@akamai.com> Signed-off-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210402025833.27599-1-johunt@akamai.com
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- 25 Mar, 2021 3 commits
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Barry Song authored
mask is built in build_balance_mask() by for_each_cpu(i, sg_span), so it must be a subset of sched_group_span(sg). So the cpumask_and() call is redundant - remove it. [ mingo: Adjusted the changelog a bit. ] Signed-off-by:
Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com> Signed-off-by:
Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Reviewed-by:
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Rasmus Villemoes authored
-1 is -EPERM which is a somewhat odd error to return from sched_dynamic_write(). No other callers care about which negative value is used. Signed-off-by:
Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Signed-off-by:
Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210325004515.531631-2-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
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Rasmus Villemoes authored
Use the enum names which are also what is used in the switch() in sched_dynamic_update(). Signed-off-by:
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- 23 Mar, 2021 4 commits
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Aubrey Li authored
A long-tail load balance cost is observed on the newly idle path, this is caused by a race window between the first nr_running check of the busiest runqueue and its nr_running recheck in detach_tasks. Before the busiest runqueue is locked, the tasks on the busiest runqueue could be pulled by other CPUs and nr_running of the busiest runqueu becomes 1 or even 0 if the running task becomes idle, this causes detach_tasks breaks with LBF_ALL_PINNED flag set, and triggers load_balance redo at the same sched_domain level. In order to find the new busiest sched_group and CPU, load balance will recompute and update the various load statistics, which eventually leads to the long-tail load balance cost. This patch clears LBF_ALL_PINNED flag for this race condition, and hence reduces the long-tail cost of newly idle balance. Signed-off-by:
Aubrey Li <aubrey.li@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Barry Song authored
update_idle_core() is only done for the case of sched_smt_present. but test_idle_cores() is done for all machines even those without SMT. This can contribute to up 8%+ hackbench performance loss on a machine like kunpeng 920 which has no SMT. This patch removes the redundant test_idle_cores() for !SMT machines. Hackbench is ran with -g {2..14}, for each g it is ran 10 times to get an average. $ numactl -N 0 hackbench -p -T -l 20000 -g $1 The below is the result of hackbench w/ and w/o this patch: g= 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 w/o: 1.8151 3.8499 5.5142 7.2491 9.0340 10.7345 12.0929 w/ : 1.8428 3.7436 5.4501 6.9522 8.2882 9.9535 11.3367 +4.1% +8.3% +7.3% +6.3% Signed-off-by:Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210320221432.924-1-song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com
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Shakeel Butt authored
We noticed that the cost of psi increases with the increase in the levels of the cgroups. Particularly the cost of cpu_clock() sticks out as the kernel calls it multiple times as it traverses up the cgroup tree. This patch reduces the calls to cpu_clock(). Performed perf bench on Intel Broadwell with 3 levels of cgroup. Before the patch: $ perf bench sched all # Running sched/messaging benchmark... # 20 sender and receiver processes per group # 10 groups == 400 processes run Total time: 0.747 [sec] # Running sched/pipe benchmark... # Executed 1000000 pipe operations between two processes Total time: 3.516 [sec] 3.516689 usecs/op 284358 ops/sec After the patch: $ perf bench sched all # Running sched/messaging benchmark... # 20 sender and receiver processes per group # 10 groups == 400 processes run Total time: 0.640 [sec] # Running sched/pipe benchmark... # Executed 1000000 pipe operations between two processes Total time: 3.329 [sec] 3.329820 usecs/op 300316 ops/sec Signed-off-by:Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Valentin Schneider authored
Most callsites were covered by commit a8b62fd0 ("stop_machine: Add function and caller debug info") but this skipped queue_stop_cpus_work(). Add caller debug info to it. Signed-off-by:
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- 21 Mar, 2021 1 commit
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Ingo Molnar authored
Fix ~42 single-word typos in scheduler code comments. We have accumulated a few fun ones over the years. :-) Signed-off-by:
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- 17 Mar, 2021 1 commit
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Piotr Figiel authored
For userspace checkpoint and restore (C/R) a way of getting process state containing RSEQ configuration is needed. There are two ways this information is going to be used: - to re-enable RSEQ for threads which had it enabled before C/R - to detect if a thread was in a critical section during C/R Since C/R preserves TLS memory and addresses RSEQ ABI will be restored using the address registered before C/R. Detection whether the thread is in a critical section during C/R is needed to enforce behavior of RSEQ abort during C/R. Attaching with ptrace() before registers are dumped itself doesn't cause RSEQ abort. Restoring the instruction pointer within the critical section is problematic because rseq_cs may get cleared before the control is passed to the migrated application code leading to RSEQ invariants not being preserved. C/R code will use RSEQ ABI address to find the abort handler to which the instruction pointer needs to be set. To achieve above goals expose the RSEQ ABI address and the signature value with the new ptrace request PTRACE_GET_RSEQ_CONFIGURATION. This new ptrace request can also be used by debuggers so they are aware of stops within restartable sequences in progress. Signed-off-by:
Piotr Figiel <figiel@google.com> Signed-off-by:
Michal Miroslaw <emmir@google.com> Reviewed-by:
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- 10 Mar, 2021 2 commits
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Edmundo Carmona Antoranz authored
Since 565790d2 (sched: Fix balance_callback(), 2020-05-11), there is no longer a need to reuse the result value of the call to finish_task_switch() inside schedule_tail(), therefore the variable used to hold that value (rq) is no longer needed. Signed-off-by:
Edmundo Carmona Antoranz <eantoranz@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Clement Courbet authored
A significant portion of __calc_delta() time is spent in the loop shifting a u64 by 32 bits. Use `fls` instead of iterating. This is ~7x faster on benchmarks. The generic `fls` implementation (`generic_fls`) is still ~4x faster than the loop. Architectures that have a better implementation will make use of it. For example, on x86 we get an additional factor 2 in speed without dedicated implementation. On GCC, the asm versions of `fls` are about the same speed as the builtin. On Clang, the versions that use fls are more than twice as slow as the builtin. This is because the way the `fls` function is written, clang puts the value in memory: https://godbolt.org/z/EfMbYe. This bug is filed at https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?idI406. ``` name cpu/op BM_Calc<__calc_delta_loop> 9.57ms Â=B112% BM_Calc<__calc_delta_generic_fls> 2.36ms Â=B113% BM_Calc<__calc_delta_asm_fls> 2.45ms Â=B113% BM_Calc<__calc_delta_asm_fls_nomem> 1.66ms Â=B112% BM_Calc<__calc_delta_asm_fls64> 2.46ms Â=B113% BM_Calc<__calc_delta_asm_fls64_nomem> 1.34ms Â=B115% BM_Calc<__calc_delta_builtin> 1.32ms Â=B111% ``` Signed-off-by:
Clement Courbet <courbet@google.com> Signed-off-by:
Josh Don <joshdon@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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- 06 Mar, 2021 16 commits
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Chengming Zhou authored
The commit 36b238d5 ("psi: Optimize switching tasks inside shared cgroups") only update cgroups whose state actually changes during a task switch only in task preempt case, not in task sleep case. We actually don't need to clear and set TSK_ONCPU state for common cgroups of next and prev task in sleep case, that can save many psi_group_change especially when most activity comes from one leaf cgroup. sleep before: psi_dequeue() while ((group = iterate_groups(prev))) # all ancestors psi_group_change(prev, .clear=TSK_RUNNING|TSK_ONCPU) psi_task_switch() while ((group = iterate_groups(next))) # all ancestors psi_group_change(next, .set=TSK_ONCPU) sleep after: psi_dequeue() nop psi_task_switch() while ((group = iterate_groups(next))) # until (prev & next) psi_group_change(next, .set=TSK_ONCPU) while ((group = iterate_groups(prev))) # all ancestors psi_group_change(prev, .clear=common?TSK_RUNNING:TSK_RUNNING|TSK_ONCPU) When a voluntary sleep switches to another task, we remove one call of psi_group_change() for every common cgroup ancestor of the two tasks. Co-developed-by:
Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by:
Chengming Zhou <zhouchengming@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
Move the unlikely branches out of line. This eliminates undesirable jumps during wakeup and sleeps for workloads that aren't under any sort of resource pressure. Signed-off-by:
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Chengming Zhou authored
Move the reclaim detection from the timer tick to the task state tracking machinery using the recently added ONCPU state. And we also add task psi_flags changes checking in the psi_task_switch() optimization to update the parents properly. In terms of performance and cost, this ONCPU task state tracking is not cheaper than previous timer tick in aggregate. But the code is simpler and shorter this way, so it's a maintainability win. And Johannes did some testing with perf bench, the performace and cost changes would be acceptable for real workloads. Thanks to Johannes Weiner for pointing out the psi_task_switch() optimization things and the clearer changelog. Co-developed-by:
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Chengming Zhou authored
The FULL state doesn't exist for the CPU resource at the system level, but exist at the cgroup level, means all non-idle tasks in a cgroup are delayed on the CPU resource which used by others outside of the cgroup or throttled by the cgroup cpu.max configuration. Co-developed-by:
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Barry Song authored
As long as NUMA diameter > 2, building sched_domain by sibling's child domain will definitely create a sched_domain with sched_group which will span out of the sched_domain: +------+ +------+ +-------+ +------+ | node | 12 |node | 20 | node | 12 |node | | 0 +---------+1 +--------+ 2 +-------+3 | +------+ +------+ +-------+ +------+ domain0 node0 node1 node2 node3 domain1 node0+1 node0+1 node2+3 node2+3 + domain2 node0+1+2 | group: node0+1 | group:node2+3 <-------------------+ when node2 is added into the domain2 of node0, kernel is using the child domain of node2's domain2, which is domain1(node2+3). Node 3 is outside the span of the domain including node0+1+2. This will make load_balance() run based on screwed avg_load and group_type in the sched_group spanning out of the sched_domain, and it also makes select_task_rq_fair() pick an idle CPU outside the sched_domain. Real servers which suffer from this problem include Kunpeng920 and 8-node Sun Fire X4600-M2, at least. Here we move to use the *child* domain of the *child* domain of node2's domain2 as the new added sched_group. At the same, we re-use the lower level sgc directly. +------+ +------+ +-------+ +------+ | node | 12 |node | 20 | node | 12 |node | | 0 +---------+1 +--------+ 2 +-------+3 | +------+ +------+ +-------+ +------+ domain0 node0 node1 +- node2 node3 | domain1 node0+1 node0+1 | node2+3 node2+3 | domain2 node0+1+2 | group: node0+1 | group:node2 <-------------------+ While the lower level sgc is re-used, this patch only changes the remote sched_groups for those sched_domains playing grandchild trick, therefore, sgc->next_update is still safe since it's only touched by CPUs that have the group span as local group. And sgc->imbalance is also safe because sd_parent remains the same in load_balance and LB only tries other CPUs from the local group. Moreover, since local groups are not touched, they are still getting roughly equal size in a TL. And should_we_balance() only matters with local groups, so the pull probability of those groups are still roughly equal. Tested by the below topology: qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt -nographic \ -smp cpus=8 \ -numa node,cpus=0-1,nodeid=0 \ -numa node,cpus=2-3,nodeid=1 \ -numa node,cpus=4-5,nodeid=2 \ -numa node,cpus=6-7,nodeid=3 \ -numa dist,src=0,dst=1,val=12 \ -numa dist,src=0,dst=2,val=20 \ -numa dist,src=0,dst=3,val=22 \ -numa dist,src=1,dst=2,val=22 \ -numa dist,src=2,dst=3,val=12 \ -numa dist,src=1,dst=3,val=24 \ -m 4G -cpu cortex-a57 -kernel arch/arm64/boot/Image w/o patch, we get lots of "groups don't span domain->span": [ 0.802139] CPU0 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 0.802193] domain-0: span=0-1 level=MC [ 0.802443] groups: 0:{ span=0 cap=1013 }, 1:{ span=1 cap=979 } [ 0.802693] domain-1: span=0-3 level=NUMA [ 0.802731] groups: 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1992 }, 2:{ span=2-3 cap=1943 } [ 0.802811] domain-2: span=0-5 level=NUMA [ 0.802829] groups: 0:{ span=0-3 cap=3935 }, 4:{ span=4-7 cap=3937 } [ 0.802881] ERROR: groups don't span domain->span [ 0.803058] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 0.803080] groups: 0:{ span=0-5 mask=0-1 cap=5843 }, 6:{ span=4-7 mask=6-7 cap=4077 } [ 0.804055] CPU1 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 0.804072] domain-0: span=0-1 level=MC [ 0.804096] groups: 1:{ span=1 cap=979 }, 0:{ span=0 cap=1013 } [ 0.804152] domain-1: span=0-3 level=NUMA [ 0.804170] groups: 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1992 }, 2:{ span=2-3 cap=1943 } [ 0.804219] domain-2: span=0-5 level=NUMA [ 0.804236] groups: 0:{ span=0-3 cap=3935 }, 4:{ span=4-7 cap=3937 } [ 0.804302] ERROR: groups don't span domain->span [ 0.804520] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 0.804546] groups: 0:{ span=0-5 mask=0-1 cap=5843 }, 6:{ span=4-7 mask=6-7 cap=4077 } [ 0.804677] CPU2 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 0.804687] domain-0: span=2-3 level=MC [ 0.804705] groups: 2:{ span=2 cap=934 }, 3:{ span=3 cap=1009 } [ 0.804754] domain-1: span=0-3 level=NUMA [ 0.804772] groups: 2:{ span=2-3 cap=1943 }, 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1992 } [ 0.804820] domain-2: span=0-5 level=NUMA [ 0.804836] groups: 2:{ span=0-3 mask=2-3 cap=3991 }, 4:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=4-5 cap=5985 } [ 0.804944] ERROR: groups don't span domain->span [ 0.805108] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 0.805134] groups: 2:{ span=0-5 mask=2-3 cap=5899 }, 6:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=6-7 cap=6125 } [ 0.805223] CPU3 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 0.805232] domain-0: span=2-3 level=MC [ 0.805249] groups: 3:{ span=3 cap=1009 }, 2:{ span=2 cap=934 } [ 0.805319] domain-1: span=0-3 level=NUMA [ 0.805336] groups: 2:{ span=2-3 cap=1943 }, 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1992 } [ 0.805383] domain-2: span=0-5 level=NUMA [ 0.805399] groups: 2:{ span=0-3 mask=2-3 cap=3991 }, 4:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=4-5 cap=5985 } [ 0.805458] ERROR: groups don't span domain->span [ 0.805605] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 0.805626] groups: 2:{ span=0-5 mask=2-3 cap=5899 }, 6:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=6-7 cap=6125 } [ 0.805712] CPU4 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 0.805721] domain-0: span=4-5 level=MC [ 0.805738] groups: 4:{ span=4 cap=984 }, 5:{ span=5 cap=924 } [ 0.805787] domain-1: span=4-7 level=NUMA [ 0.805803] groups: 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1908 }, 6:{ span=6-7 cap=2029 } [ 0.805851] domain-2: span=0-1,4-7 level=NUMA [ 0.805867] groups: 4:{ span=4-7 cap=3937 }, 0:{ span=0-3 cap=3935 } [ 0.805915] ERROR: groups don't span domain->span [ 0.806108] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 0.806130] groups: 4:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=4-5 cap=5985 }, 2:{ span=0-3 mask=2-3 cap=3991 } [ 0.806214] CPU5 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 0.806222] domain-0: span=4-5 level=MC [ 0.806240] groups: 5:{ span=5 cap=924 }, 4:{ span=4 cap=984 } [ 0.806841] domain-1: span=4-7 level=NUMA [ 0.806866] groups: 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1908 }, 6:{ span=6-7 cap=2029 } [ 0.806934] domain-2: span=0-1,4-7 level=NUMA [ 0.806953] groups: 4:{ span=4-7 cap=3937 }, 0:{ span=0-3 cap=3935 } [ 0.807004] ERROR: groups don't span domain->span [ 0.807312] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 0.807386] groups: 4:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=4-5 cap=5985 }, 2:{ span=0-3 mask=2-3 cap=3991 } [ 0.807686] CPU6 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 0.807710] domain-0: span=6-7 level=MC [ 0.807750] groups: 6:{ span=6 cap=1017 }, 7:{ span=7 cap=1012 } [ 0.807840] domain-1: span=4-7 level=NUMA [ 0.807870] groups: 6:{ span=6-7 cap=2029 }, 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1908 } [ 0.807952] domain-2: span=0-1,4-7 level=NUMA [ 0.807985] groups: 6:{ span=4-7 mask=6-7 cap=4077 }, 0:{ span=0-5 mask=0-1 cap=5843 } [ 0.808045] ERROR: groups don't span domain->span [ 0.808257] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 0.808571] groups: 6:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=6-7 cap=6125 }, 2:{ span=0-5 mask=2-3 cap=5899 } [ 0.808848] CPU7 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 0.808860] domain-0: span=6-7 level=MC [ 0.808880] groups: 7:{ span=7 cap=1012 }, 6:{ span=6 cap=1017 } [ 0.808953] domain-1: span=4-7 level=NUMA [ 0.808974] groups: 6:{ span=6-7 cap=2029 }, 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1908 } [ 0.809034] domain-2: span=0-1,4-7 level=NUMA [ 0.809055] groups: 6:{ span=4-7 mask=6-7 cap=4077 }, 0:{ span=0-5 mask=0-1 cap=5843 } [ 0.809128] ERROR: groups don't span domain->span [ 0.810361] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 0.810400] groups: 6:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=6-7 cap=5961 }, 2:{ span=0-5 mask=2-3 cap=5903 } w/ patch, we don't get "groups don't span domain->span" any more: [ 1.486271] CPU0 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 1.486820] domain-0: span=0-1 level=MC [ 1.500924] groups: 0:{ span=0 cap=980 }, 1:{ span=1 cap=994 } [ 1.515717] domain-1: span=0-3 level=NUMA [ 1.515903] groups: 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1974 }, 2:{ span=2-3 cap=1989 } [ 1.516989] domain-2: span=0-5 level=NUMA [ 1.517124] groups: 0:{ span=0-3 cap=3963 }, 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1949 } [ 1.517369] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 1.517423] groups: 0:{ span=0-5 mask=0-1 cap=5912 }, 6:{ span=4-7 mask=6-7 cap=4054 } [ 1.520027] CPU1 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 1.520097] domain-0: span=0-1 level=MC [ 1.520184] groups: 1:{ span=1 cap=994 }, 0:{ span=0 cap=980 } [ 1.520429] domain-1: span=0-3 level=NUMA [ 1.520487] groups: 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1974 }, 2:{ span=2-3 cap=1989 } [ 1.520687] domain-2: span=0-5 level=NUMA [ 1.520744] groups: 0:{ span=0-3 cap=3963 }, 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1949 } [ 1.520948] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 1.521038] groups: 0:{ span=0-5 mask=0-1 cap=5912 }, 6:{ span=4-7 mask=6-7 cap=4054 } [ 1.522068] CPU2 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 1.522348] domain-0: span=2-3 level=MC [ 1.522606] groups: 2:{ span=2 cap=1003 }, 3:{ span=3 cap=986 } [ 1.522832] domain-1: span=0-3 level=NUMA [ 1.522885] groups: 2:{ span=2-3 cap=1989 }, 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1974 } [ 1.523043] domain-2: span=0-5 level=NUMA [ 1.523092] groups: 2:{ span=0-3 mask=2-3 cap=4037 }, 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1949 } [ 1.523302] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 1.523352] groups: 2:{ span=0-5 mask=2-3 cap=5986 }, 6:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=6-7 cap=6102 } [ 1.523748] CPU3 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 1.523774] domain-0: span=2-3 level=MC [ 1.523825] groups: 3:{ span=3 cap=986 }, 2:{ span=2 cap=1003 } [ 1.524009] domain-1: span=0-3 level=NUMA [ 1.524086] groups: 2:{ span=2-3 cap=1989 }, 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1974 } [ 1.524281] domain-2: span=0-5 level=NUMA [ 1.524331] groups: 2:{ span=0-3 mask=2-3 cap=4037 }, 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1949 } [ 1.524534] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 1.524586] groups: 2:{ span=0-5 mask=2-3 cap=5986 }, 6:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=6-7 cap=6102 } [ 1.524847] CPU4 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 1.524873] domain-0: span=4-5 level=MC [ 1.524954] groups: 4:{ span=4 cap=958 }, 5:{ span=5 cap=991 } [ 1.525105] domain-1: span=4-7 level=NUMA [ 1.525153] groups: 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1949 }, 6:{ span=6-7 cap=2006 } [ 1.525368] domain-2: span=0-1,4-7 level=NUMA [ 1.525428] groups: 4:{ span=4-7 cap=3955 }, 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1974 } [ 1.532726] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 1.532811] groups: 4:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=4-5 cap=6003 }, 2:{ span=0-3 mask=2-3 cap=4037 } [ 1.534125] CPU5 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 1.534159] domain-0: span=4-5 level=MC [ 1.534303] groups: 5:{ span=5 cap=991 }, 4:{ span=4 cap=958 } [ 1.534490] domain-1: span=4-7 level=NUMA [ 1.534572] groups: 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1949 }, 6:{ span=6-7 cap=2006 } [ 1.534734] domain-2: span=0-1,4-7 level=NUMA [ 1.534783] groups: 4:{ span=4-7 cap=3955 }, 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1974 } [ 1.536057] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 1.536430] groups: 4:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=4-5 cap=6003 }, 2:{ span=0-3 mask=2-3 cap=3896 } [ 1.536815] CPU6 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 1.536846] domain-0: span=6-7 level=MC [ 1.536934] groups: 6:{ span=6 cap=1005 }, 7:{ span=7 cap=1001 } [ 1.537144] domain-1: span=4-7 level=NUMA [ 1.537262] groups: 6:{ span=6-7 cap=2006 }, 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1949 } [ 1.537553] domain-2: span=0-1,4-7 level=NUMA [ 1.537613] groups: 6:{ span=4-7 mask=6-7 cap=4054 }, 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1805 } [ 1.537872] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 1.537998] groups: 6:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=6-7 cap=6102 }, 2:{ span=0-5 mask=2-3 cap=5845 } [ 1.538448] CPU7 attaching sched-domain(s): [ 1.538505] domain-0: span=6-7 level=MC [ 1.538586] groups: 7:{ span=7 cap=1001 }, 6:{ span=6 cap=1005 } [ 1.538746] domain-1: span=4-7 level=NUMA [ 1.538798] groups: 6:{ span=6-7 cap=2006 }, 4:{ span=4-5 cap=1949 } [ 1.539048] domain-2: span=0-1,4-7 level=NUMA [ 1.539111] groups: 6:{ span=4-7 mask=6-7 cap=4054 }, 0:{ span=0-1 cap=1805 } [ 1.539571] domain-3: span=0-7 level=NUMA [ 1.539610] groups: 6:{ span=0-1,4-7 mask=6-7 cap=6102 }, 2:{ span=0-5 mask=2-3 cap=5845 } Signed-off-by:Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210224030944.15232-1-song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com
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Vincent Donnefort authored
Factorizing and unifying cpuhp callback range invocations, especially for the hotunplug path, where two different ways of decrementing were used. The first one, decrements before the callback is called: cpuhp_thread_fun() state = st->state; st->state--; cpuhp_invoke_callback(state); The second one, after: take_down_cpu()|cpuhp_down_callbacks() cpuhp_invoke_callback(st->state); st->state--; This is problematic for rolling back the steps in case of error, as depending on the decrement, the rollback will start from N or N-1. It also makes tracing inconsistent, between steps run in the cpuhp thread and the others. Additionally, avoid useless cpuhp_thread_fun() loops by skipping empty steps. Signed-off-by:Vincent Donnefort <vincent.donnefort@arm.com> Signed-off-by:
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Vincent Donnefort authored
The atomic states (between CPUHP_AP_IDLE_DEAD and CPUHP_AP_ONLINE) are triggered by the CPUHP_BRINGUP_CPU step. If the latter fails, no atomic state can be rolled back. DEAD callbacks too can't fail and disallow recovery. As a consequence, during hotunplug, the fail injection interface should prohibit all states from CPUHP_BRINGUP_CPU to CPUHP_ONLINE. Signed-off-by:
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Vincent Donnefort authored
Currently, the only way of resetting the fail injection is to trigger a hotplug, hotunplug or both. This is rather annoying for testing and, as the default value for this file is -1, it seems pretty natural to let a user write it. Signed-off-by:
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Vincent Donnefort authored
Being called for each dequeue, util_est reduces the number of its updates by filtering out when the EWMA signal is different from the task util_avg by less than 1%. It is a problem for a sudden util_avg ramp-up. Due to the decay from a previous high util_avg, EWMA might now be close enough to the new util_avg. No update would then happen while it would leave ue.enqueued with an out-of-date value. Taking into consideration the two util_est members, EWMA and enqueued for the filtering, ensures, for both, an up-to-date value. This is for now an issue only for the trace probe that might return the stale value. Functional-wise, it isn't a problem, as the value is always accessed through max(enqueued, ewma). This problem has been observed using LISA's UtilConvergence:test_means on the sd845c board. No regression observed with Hackbench on sd845c and Perf-bench sched pipe on hikey/hikey960. Signed-off-by:
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Valentin Schneider authored
Syzbot reported a handful of occurrences where an sd->nr_balance_failed can grow to much higher values than one would expect. A successful load_balance() resets it to 0; a failed one increments it. Once it gets to sd->cache_nice_tries + 3, this *should* trigger an active balance, which will either set it to sd->cache_nice_tries+1 or reset it to 0. However, in case the to-be-active-balanced task is not allowed to run on env->dst_cpu, then the increment is done without any further modification. This could then be repeated ad nauseam, and would explain the absurdly high values reported by syzbot (86, 149). VincentG noted there is value in letting sd->cache_nice_tries grow, so the shift itself should be fixed. That means preventing: """ If the value of the right operand is negative or is greater than or equal to the width of the promoted left operand, the behavior is undefined. """ Thus we need to cap the shift exponent to BITS_PER_TYPE(typeof(lefthand)) - 1. I had a look around for other similar cases via coccinelle: @expr@ position pos; expression E1; expression E2; @@ ( E1 >> E2@pos | E1 >> E2@pos ) @cst depends on expr@ position pos; expression expr.E1; constant cst; @@ ( E1 >> cst@pos | E1 << cst@pos ) @script:python depends on !cst@ pos << expr.pos; exp << expr.E2; @@ # Dirty hack to ignore constexpr if exp.upper() != exp: coccilib.report.print_report(pos[0], "Possible UB shift here") The only other match in kernel/sched is rq_clock_thermal() which employs sched_thermal_decay_shift, and that exponent is already capped to 10, so that one is fine. Fixes: 5a7f5559 ("sched/fair: Relax constraint on task's load during load balance") Reported-by: syzbot+d7581744d5fd27c9fbe1@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Signed-off-by: -
Vincent Donnefort authored
The sub_positive local version is saving an explicit load-store and is enough for the cpu_util_next() usage. Signed-off-by:
Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com> Reviewed-by:
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Vincent Donnefort authored
find_energy_efficient_cpu() (feec()) computes for each perf_domain (pd) an energy delta as follows: feec(task) for_each_pd base_energy = compute_energy(task, -1, pd) -> for_each_cpu(pd) -> cpu_util_next(cpu, task, -1) energy_delta = compute_energy(task, dst_cpu, pd) -> for_each_cpu(pd) -> cpu_util_next(cpu, task, dst_cpu) energy_delta -= base_energy Then it picks the best CPU as being the one that minimizes energy_delta. cpu_util_next() estimates the CPU utilization that would happen if the task was placed on dst_cpu as follows: max(cpu_util + task_util, cpu_util_est + _task_util_est) The task contribution to the energy delta can then be either: (1) _task_util_est, on a mostly idle CPU, where cpu_util is close to 0 and _task_util_est > cpu_util. (2) task_util, on a mostly busy CPU, where cpu_util > _task_util_est. (cpu_util_est doesn't appear here. It is 0 when a CPU is idle and otherwise must be small enough so that feec() takes the CPU as a potential target for the task placement) This is problematic for feec(), as cpu_util_next() might give an unfair advantage to a CPU which is mostly busy (2) compared to one which is mostly idle (1). _task_util_est being always bigger than task_util in feec() (as the task is waking up), the task contribution to the energy might look smaller on certain CPUs (2) and this breaks the energy comparison. This issue is, moreover, not sporadic. By starving idle CPUs, it keeps their cpu_util < _task_util_est (1) while others will maintain cpu_util > _task_util_est (2). Fix this problem by always using max(task_util, _task_util_est) as a task contribution to the energy (ENERGY_UTIL). The new estimated CPU utilization for the energy would then be: max(cpu_util, cpu_util_est) + max(task_util, _task_util_est) compute_energy() still needs to know which OPP would be selected if the task would be migrated in the perf_domain (FREQUENCY_UTIL). Hence, cpu_util_next() is still used to estimate the maximum util within the pd. Signed-off-by: -
Vincent Guittot authored
Start to update last_blocked_load_update_tick to reduce the possibility of another cpu starting the update one more time Signed-off-by:
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Vincent Guittot authored
Instead of waking up a random and already idle CPU, we can take advantage of this_cpu being about to enter idle to run the ILB and update the blocked load. Signed-off-by:
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Vincent Guittot authored
Reorder the tests and skip useless ones when no load balance has been performed and rq lock has not been released. Signed-off-by:
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Vincent Guittot authored
Remove the specific case for handling this_cpu outside for_each_cpu() loop when running ILB. Instead we use for_each_cpu_wrap() and start with the next cpu after this_cpu so we will continue to finish with this_cpu. update_nohz_stats() is now used for this_cpu too and will prevents unnecessary update. We don't need a special case for handling the update of nohz.next_balance for this_cpu anymore because it is now handled by the loop like others. Signed-off-by:
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