1. 01 Aug, 2012 40 commits
    • Michal Hocko's avatar
      memcg: prevent OOM with too many dirty pages · e62e384e
      Michal Hocko authored
      The current implementation of dirty pages throttling is not memcg aware
      which makes it easy to have memcg LRUs full of dirty pages.  Without
      throttling, these LRUs can be scanned faster than the rate of writeback,
      leading to memcg OOM conditions when the hard limit is small.
      
      This patch fixes the problem by throttling the allocating process
      (possibly a writer) during the hard limit reclaim by waiting on
      PageReclaim pages.  We are waiting only for PageReclaim pages because
      those are the pages that made one full round over LRU and that means that
      the writeback is much slower than scanning.
      
      The solution is far from being ideal - long term solution is memcg aware
      dirty throttling - but it is meant to be a band aid until we have a real
      fix.  We are seeing this happening during nightly backups which are placed
      into containers to prevent from eviction of the real working set.
      
      The change affects only memcg reclaim and only when we encounter
      PageReclaim pages which is a signal that the reclaim doesn't catch up on
      with the writers so somebody should be throttled.  This could be
      potentially unfair because it could be somebody else from the group who
      gets throttled on behalf of the writer but as writers need to allocate as
      well and they allocate in higher rate the probability that only innocent
      processes would be penalized is not that high.
      
      I have tested this change by a simple dd copying /dev/zero to tmpfs or
      ext3 running under small memcg (1G copy under 5M, 60M, 300M and 2G
      containers) and dd got killed by OOM killer every time.  With the patch I
      could run the dd with the same size under 5M controller without any OOM.
      The issue is more visible with slower devices for output.
      
      * With the patch
      ================
      * tmpfs size=2G
      ---------------
      $ vim cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 5M
      using Limit 5M for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 30.4049 s, 34.5 MB/s
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 60M
      using Limit 60M for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 31.4561 s, 33.3 MB/s
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 300M
      using Limit 300M for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 20.4618 s, 51.2 MB/s
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 2G
      using Limit 2G for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 1.42172 s, 738 MB/s
      
      * ext3
      ------
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 5M
      using Limit 5M for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 27.9547 s, 37.5 MB/s
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 60M
      using Limit 60M for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 30.3221 s, 34.6 MB/s
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 300M
      using Limit 300M for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 24.5764 s, 42.7 MB/s
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 2G
      using Limit 2G for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 3.35828 s, 312 MB/s
      
      * Without the patch
      ===================
      * tmpfs size=2G
      ---------------
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 5M
      using Limit 5M for group
      ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh: line 46:  4668 Killed                  dd if=/dev/zero of=$OUT/zero bs=1M count=$count
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 60M
      using Limit 60M for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 25.4989 s, 41.1 MB/s
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 300M
      using Limit 300M for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 24.3928 s, 43.0 MB/s
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 2G
      using Limit 2G for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 1.49797 s, 700 MB/s
      
      * ext3
      ------
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 5M
      using Limit 5M for group
      ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh: line 46:  4689 Killed                  dd if=/dev/zero of=$OUT/zero bs=1M count=$count
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 60M
      using Limit 60M for group
      ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh: line 46:  4692 Killed                  dd if=/dev/zero of=$OUT/zero bs=1M count=$count
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 300M
      using Limit 300M for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 20.248 s, 51.8 MB/s
      $ ./cgroup_cache_oom_test.sh 2G
      using Limit 2G for group
      1000+0 records in
      1000+0 records out
      1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 2.85201 s, 368 MB/s
      
      [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak changelog, reordered the test to optimize for CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR=n]
      [hughd@google.com: fix deadlock with loop driver]
      Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujtisu.com>
      Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
      Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarFengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      e62e384e
    • Xiao Guangrong's avatar
      mm: mmu_notifier: fix freed page still mapped in secondary MMU · 3ad3d901
      Xiao Guangrong authored
      mmu_notifier_release() is called when the process is exiting.  It will
      delete all the mmu notifiers.  But at this time the page belonging to the
      process is still present in page tables and is present on the LRU list, so
      this race will happen:
      
            CPU 0                 CPU 1
      mmu_notifier_release:    try_to_unmap:
         hlist_del_init_rcu(&mn->hlist);
                                  ptep_clear_flush_notify:
                                        mmu nofifler not found
                                  free page  !!!!!!
                                  /*
                                   * At the point, the page has been
                                   * freed, but it is still mapped in
                                   * the secondary MMU.
                                   */
      
        mn->ops->release(mn, mm);
      
      Then the box is not stable and sometimes we can get this bug:
      
      [  738.075923] BUG: Bad page state in process migrate-perf  pfn:03bec
      [  738.075931] page:ffffea00000efb00 count:0 mapcount:0 mapping:          (null) index:0x8076
      [  738.075936] page flags: 0x20000000000014(referenced|dirty)
      
      The same issue is present in mmu_notifier_unregister().
      
      We can call ->release before deleting the notifier to ensure the page has
      been unmapped from the secondary MMU before it is freed.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarXiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
      Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
      Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
      Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
      Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      3ad3d901
    • Johannes Weiner's avatar
      mm: memcg: only check anon swapin page charges for swap cache · bdf4f4d2
      Johannes Weiner authored
      shmem knows for sure that the page is in swap cache when attempting to
      charge a page, because the cache charge entry function has a check for it.
      Only anon pages may be removed from swap cache already when trying to
      charge their swapin.
      
      Adjust the comment, though: '4969c119 mm: fix swapin race condition' added
      a stable PageSwapCache check under the page lock in the do_swap_page()
      before calling the memory controller, so it's unuse_pte()'s pte_same()
      that may fail.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      bdf4f4d2
    • Johannes Weiner's avatar
      mm: memcg: only check swap cache pages for repeated charging · 90deb788
      Johannes Weiner authored
      Only anon and shmem pages in the swap cache are attempted to be charged
      multiple times, from every swap pte fault or from shmem_unuse().  No other
      pages require checking PageCgroupUsed().
      
      Charging pages in the swap cache is also serialized by the page lock, and
      since both the try_charge and commit_charge are called under the same page
      lock section, the PageCgroupUsed() check might as well happen before the
      counter charging, let alone reclaim.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      90deb788
    • Johannes Weiner's avatar
      mm: memcg: split swapin charge function into private and public part · 0435a2fd
      Johannes Weiner authored
      When shmem is charged upon swapin, it does not need to check twice whether
      the memory controller is enabled.
      
      Also, shmem pages do not have to be checked for everything that regular
      anon pages have to be checked for, so let shmem use the internal version
      directly and allow future patches to move around checks that are only
      required when swapping in anon pages.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      0435a2fd
    • Johannes Weiner's avatar
      mm: memcg: remove needless !mm fixup to init_mm when charging · 24467cac
      Johannes Weiner authored
      It does not matter to __mem_cgroup_try_charge() if the passed mm is NULL
      or init_mm, it will charge the root memcg in either case.
      
      Also fix up the comment in __mem_cgroup_try_charge() that claimed the
      init_mm would be charged when no mm was passed.  It's not really
      incorrect, but confusing.  Clarify that the root memcg is charged in this
      case.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      24467cac
    • Johannes Weiner's avatar
      mm: memcg: remove unneeded shmem charge type · 62ba7442
      Johannes Weiner authored
      shmem page charges have not needed a separate charge type to tell them
      from regular file pages since 08e552c6 ("memcg: synchronized LRU").
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      62ba7442
    • Johannes Weiner's avatar
      mm: memcg: move swapin charge functions above callsites · 827a03d2
      Johannes Weiner authored
      Charging cache pages may require swapin in the shmem case.  Save the
      forward declaration and just move the swapin functions above the cache
      charging functions.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      827a03d2
    • Johannes Weiner's avatar
      mm: memcg: only check for PageSwapCache when uncharging anon · 7d188958
      Johannes Weiner authored
      Only anon pages that are uncharged at the time of the last page table
      mapping vanishing may be in swapcache.
      
      When shmem pages, file pages, swap-freed anon pages, or just migrated
      pages are uncharged, they are known for sure to be not in swapcache.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      7d188958
    • Johannes Weiner's avatar
      mm: memcg: push down PageSwapCache check into uncharge entry functions · 0c59b89c
      Johannes Weiner authored
      Not all uncharge paths need to check if the page is swapcache, some of
      them can know for sure.
      
      Push down the check into all callsites of uncharge_common() so that the
      patch that removes some of them is more obvious.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      0c59b89c
    • Johannes Weiner's avatar
      mm: swapfile: clean up unuse_pte race handling · 5d84c776
      Johannes Weiner authored
      The conditional mem_cgroup_cancel_charge_swapin() is a leftover from when
      the function would continue to reestablish the page even after
      mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin() failed.  After 85d9fc89 "memcg: fix refcnt
      handling at swapoff", the condition is always true when this code is
      reached.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      5d84c776
    • Johannes Weiner's avatar
      mm: memcg: fix compaction/migration failing due to memcg limits · 0030f535
      Johannes Weiner authored
      Compaction (and page migration in general) can currently be hindered
      through pages being owned by memory cgroups that are at their limits and
      unreclaimable.
      
      The reason is that the replacement page is being charged against the limit
      while the page being replaced is also still charged.  But this seems
      unnecessary, given that only one of the two pages will still be in use
      after migration finishes.
      
      This patch changes the memcg migration sequence so that the replacement
      page is not charged.  Whatever page is still in use after successful or
      failed migration gets to keep the charge of the page that was going to be
      replaced.
      
      The replacement page will still show up temporarily in the rss/cache
      statistics, this can be fixed in a later patch as it's less urgent.
      Reported-by: default avatarDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
      Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      0030f535
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      swapfile: avoid dereferencing bd_disk during swap_entry_free for network storage · 73744923
      Mel Gorman authored
      Commit b3a27d ("swap: Add swap slot free callback to
      block_device_operations") dereferences p->bdev->bd_disk but this is a NULL
      dereference if using swap-over-NFS.  This patch checks SWP_BLKDEV on the
      swap_info_struct before dereferencing.
      
      With reference to this callback, Christoph Hellwig stated "Please just
      remove the callback entirely.  It has no user outside the staging tree and
      was added clearly against the rules for that staging tree".  This would
      also be my preference but there was not an obvious way of keeping zram in
      staging/ happy.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarXiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      73744923
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      nfs: prevent page allocator recursions with swap over NFS. · 192e501b
      Mel Gorman authored
      GFP_NOFS is _more_ permissive than GFP_NOIO in that it will initiate IO,
      just not of any filesystem data.
      
      The problem is that previously NOFS was correct because that avoids
      recursion into the NFS code.  With swap-over-NFS, it is no longer correct
      as swap IO can lead to this recursion.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      192e501b
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      nfs: enable swap on NFS · a564b8f0
      Mel Gorman authored
      Implement the new swapfile a_ops for NFS and hook up ->direct_IO.  This
      will set the NFS socket to SOCK_MEMALLOC and run socket reconnect under
      PF_MEMALLOC as well as reset SOCK_MEMALLOC before engaging the protocol
      ->connect() method.
      
      PF_MEMALLOC should allow the allocation of struct socket and related
      objects and the early (re)setting of SOCK_MEMALLOC should allow us to
      receive the packets required for the TCP connection buildup.
      
      [jlayton@redhat.com: Restore PF_MEMALLOC task flags in all cases]
      [dfeng@redhat.com: Fix handling of multiple swap files]
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original patch]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      a564b8f0
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      nfs: disable data cache revalidation for swapfiles · 29418aa4
      Mel Gorman authored
      The VM does not like PG_private set on PG_swapcache pages.  As suggested
      by Trond in http://lkml.org/lkml/2006/8/25/348, this patch disables NFS
      data cache revalidation on swap files.  as it does not make sense to have
      other clients change the file while it is being used as swap.  This avoids
      setting PG_private on swap pages, since there ought to be no further races
      with invalidate_inode_pages2() to deal with.
      
      Since we cannot set PG_private we cannot use page->private which is
      already used by PG_swapcache pages to store the nfs_page.  Thus augment
      the new nfs_page_find_request logic.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      29418aa4
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      nfs: teach the NFS client how to treat PG_swapcache pages · d56b4ddf
      Mel Gorman authored
      Replace all relevant occurences of page->index and page->mapping in the
      NFS client with the new page_file_index() and page_file_mapping()
      functions.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      d56b4ddf
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: add support for direct_IO to highmem pages · 5a178119
      Mel Gorman authored
      The patch "mm: add support for a filesystem to activate swap files and use
      direct_IO for writing swap pages" added support for using direct_IO to
      write swap pages but it is insufficient for highmem pages.
      
      To support highmem pages, this patch kmaps() the page before calling the
      direct_IO() handler.  As direct_IO deals with virtual addresses an
      additional helper is necessary for get_kernel_pages() to lookup the struct
      page for a kmap virtual address.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      5a178119
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: swap: implement generic handler for swap_activate · a509bc1a
      Mel Gorman authored
      The version of swap_activate introduced is sufficient for swap-over-NFS
      but would not provide enough information to implement a generic handler.
      This patch shuffles things slightly to ensure the same information is
      available for aops->swap_activate() as is available to the core.
      
      No functionality change.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      a509bc1a
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: add support for a filesystem to activate swap files and use direct_IO for writing swap pages · 62c230bc
      Mel Gorman authored
      Currently swapfiles are managed entirely by the core VM by using ->bmap to
      allocate space and write to the blocks directly.  This effectively ensures
      that the underlying blocks are allocated and avoids the need for the swap
      subsystem to locate what physical blocks store offsets within a file.
      
      If the swap subsystem is to use the filesystem information to locate the
      blocks, it is critical that information such as block groups, block
      bitmaps and the block descriptor table that map the swap file were
      resident in memory.  This patch adds address_space_operations that the VM
      can call when activating or deactivating swap backed by a file.
      
        int swap_activate(struct file *);
        int swap_deactivate(struct file *);
      
      The ->swap_activate() method is used to communicate to the file that the
      VM relies on it, and the address_space should take adequate measures such
      as reserving space in the underlying device, reserving memory for mempools
      and pinning information such as the block descriptor table in memory.  The
      ->swap_deactivate() method is called on sys_swapoff() if ->swap_activate()
      returned success.
      
      After a successful swapfile ->swap_activate, the swapfile is marked
      SWP_FILE and swapper_space.a_ops will proxy to
      sis->swap_file->f_mappings->a_ops using ->direct_io to write swapcache
      pages and ->readpage to read.
      
      It is perfectly possible that direct_IO be used to read the swap pages but
      it is an unnecessary complication.  Similarly, it is possible that
      ->writepage be used instead of direct_io to write the pages but filesystem
      developers have stated that calling writepage from the VM is undesirable
      for a variety of reasons and using direct_IO opens up the possibility of
      writing back batches of swap pages in the future.
      
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original patch]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      62c230bc
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: add get_kernel_page[s] for pinning of kernel addresses for I/O · 18022c5d
      Mel Gorman authored
      This patch adds two new APIs get_kernel_pages() and get_kernel_page() that
      may be used to pin a vector of kernel addresses for IO.  The initial user
      is expected to be NFS for allowing pages to be written to swap using
      aops->direct_IO().  Strictly speaking, swap-over-NFS only needs to pin one
      page for IO but it makes sense to express the API in terms of a vector and
      add a helper for pinning single pages.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      18022c5d
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: methods for teaching filesystems about PG_swapcache pages · f981c595
      Mel Gorman authored
      In order to teach filesystems to handle swap cache pages, three new page
      functions are introduced:
      
        pgoff_t page_file_index(struct page *);
        loff_t page_file_offset(struct page *);
        struct address_space *page_file_mapping(struct page *);
      
      page_file_index() - gives the offset of this page in the file in
      PAGE_CACHE_SIZE blocks.  Like page->index is for mapped pages, this
      function also gives the correct index for PG_swapcache pages.
      
      page_file_offset() - uses page_file_index(), so that it will give the
      expected result, even for PG_swapcache pages.
      
      page_file_mapping() - gives the mapping backing the actual page; that is
      for swap cache pages it will give swap_file->f_mapping.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      f981c595
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      selinux: tag avc cache alloc as non-critical · 6290c2c4
      Mel Gorman authored
      Failing to allocate a cache entry will only harm performance not
      correctness.  Do not consume valuable reserve pages for something like
      that.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarEric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      6290c2c4
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: prevent a stream-specific deadlock · c76562b6
      Mel Gorman authored
      This patch series is based on top of "Swap-over-NBD without deadlocking
      v15" as it depends on the same reservation of PF_MEMALLOC reserves logic.
      
      When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they
      create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it
      with swapon.  In diskless systems this is not an option so if swap if
      required then swapping over the network is considered.  The two likely
      scenarios are when blade servers are used as part of a cluster where the
      form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the use of disks and thin
      clients.
      
      The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block
      Device (NBD) for swap but this is not always an option.  There is no
      guarantee that the network attached storage (NAS) device is running Linux
      or supports NBD.  However, it is likely that it supports NFS so there are
      users that want support for swapping over NFS despite any performance
      concern.  Some distributions currently carry patches that support swapping
      over NFS but it would be preferable to support it in the mainline kernel.
      
      Patch 1 avoids a stream-specific deadlock that potentially affects TCP.
      
      Patch 2 is a small modification to SELinux to avoid using PFMEMALLOC
      	reserves.
      
      Patch 3 adds three helpers for filesystems to handle swap cache pages.
      	For example, page_file_mapping() returns page->mapping for
      	file-backed pages and the address_space of the underlying
      	swap file for swap cache pages.
      
      Patch 4 adds two address_space_operations to allow a filesystem
      	to pin all metadata relevant to a swapfile in memory. Upon
      	successful activation, the swapfile is marked SWP_FILE and
      	the address space operation ->direct_IO is used for writing
      	and ->readpage for reading in swap pages.
      
      Patch 5 notes that patch 3 is bolting
      	filesystem-specific-swapfile-support onto the side and that
      	the default handlers have different information to what
      	is available to the filesystem. This patch refactors the
      	code so that there are generic handlers for each of the new
      	address_space operations.
      
      Patch 6 adds an API to allow a vector of kernel addresses to be
      	translated to struct pages and pinned for IO.
      
      Patch 7 adds support for using highmem pages for swap by kmapping
      	the pages before calling the direct_IO handler.
      
      Patch 8 updates NFS to use the helpers from patch 3 where necessary.
      
      Patch 9 avoids setting PF_private on PG_swapcache pages within NFS.
      
      Patch 10 implements the new swapfile-related address_space operations
      	for NFS and teaches the direct IO handler how to manage
      	kernel addresses.
      
      Patch 11 prevents page allocator recursions in NFS by using GFP_NOIO
      	where appropriate.
      
      Patch 12 fixes a NULL pointer dereference that occurs when using
      	swap-over-NFS.
      
      With the patches applied, it is possible to mount a swapfile that is on an
      NFS filesystem.  Swap performance is not great with a swap stress test
      taking roughly twice as long to complete than if the swap device was
      backed by NBD.
      
      This patch: netvm: prevent a stream-specific deadlock
      
      It could happen that all !SOCK_MEMALLOC sockets have buffered so much data
      that we're over the global rmem limit.  This will prevent SOCK_MEMALLOC
      buffers from receiving data, which will prevent userspace from running,
      which is needed to reduce the buffered data.
      
      Fix this by exempting the SOCK_MEMALLOC sockets from the rmem limit.  Once
      this change it applied, it is important that sockets that set
      SOCK_MEMALLOC do not clear the flag until the socket is being torn down.
      If this happens, a warning is generated and the tokens reclaimed to avoid
      accounting errors until the bug is fixed.
      
      [davem@davemloft.net: Warning about clearing SOCK_MEMALLOC]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Acked-by: default avatarRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      c76562b6
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: account for the number of times direct reclaimers get throttled · 68243e76
      Mel Gorman authored
      Under significant pressure when writing back to network-backed storage,
      direct reclaimers may get throttled.  This is expected to be a short-lived
      event and the processes get woken up again but processes do get stalled.
      This patch counts how many times such stalling occurs.  It's up to the
      administrator whether to reduce these stalls by increasing
      min_free_kbytes.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      68243e76
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: throttle direct reclaimers if PF_MEMALLOC reserves are low and swap is... · 5515061d
      Mel Gorman authored
      mm: throttle direct reclaimers if PF_MEMALLOC reserves are low and swap is backed by network storage
      
      If swap is backed by network storage such as NBD, there is a risk that a
      large number of reclaimers can hang the system by consuming all
      PF_MEMALLOC reserves.  To avoid these hangs, the administrator must tune
      min_free_kbytes in advance which is a bit fragile.
      
      This patch throttles direct reclaimers if half the PF_MEMALLOC reserves
      are in use.  If the system is routinely getting throttled the system
      administrator can increase min_free_kbytes so degradation is smoother but
      the system will keep running.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      5515061d
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      nbd: set SOCK_MEMALLOC for access to PFMEMALLOC reserves · 7f338fe4
      Mel Gorman authored
      Set SOCK_MEMALLOC on the NBD socket to allow access to PFMEMALLOC reserves
      so pages backed by NBD, particularly if swap related, can be cleaned to
      prevent the machine being deadlocked.  It is still possible that the
      PFMEMALLOC reserves get depleted resulting in deadlock but this can be
      resolved by the administrator by increasing min_free_kbytes.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      7f338fe4
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: micro-optimise slab to avoid a function call · 381760ea
      Mel Gorman authored
      Getting and putting objects in SLAB currently requires a function call but
      the bulk of the work is related to PFMEMALLOC reserves which are only
      consumed when network-backed storage is critical.  Use an inline function
      to determine if the function call is required.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      381760ea
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: set PF_MEMALLOC as appropriate during SKB processing · b4b9e355
      Mel Gorman authored
      In order to make sure pfmemalloc packets receive all memory needed to
      proceed, ensure processing of pfmemalloc SKBs happens under PF_MEMALLOC.
      This is limited to a subset of protocols that are expected to be used for
      writing to swap.  Taps are not allowed to use PF_MEMALLOC as these are
      expected to communicate with userspace processes which could be paged out.
      
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Ideas taken from various patches]
      [jslaby@suse.cz: Lock imbalance fix]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      b4b9e355
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: propagate page->pfmemalloc from skb_alloc_page to skb · 0614002b
      Mel Gorman authored
      The skb->pfmemalloc flag gets set to true iff during the slab allocation
      of data in __alloc_skb that the the PFMEMALLOC reserves were used.  If
      page splitting is used, it is possible that pages will be allocated from
      the PFMEMALLOC reserve without propagating this information to the skb.
      This patch propagates page->pfmemalloc from pages allocated for fragments
      to the skb.
      
      It works by reintroducing and expanding the skb_alloc_page() API to take
      an skb.  If the page was allocated from pfmemalloc reserves, it is
      automatically copied.  If the driver allocates the page before the skb, it
      should call skb_propagate_pfmemalloc() after the skb is allocated to
      ensure the flag is copied properly.
      
      Failure to do so is not critical.  The resulting driver may perform slower
      if it is used for swap-over-NBD or swap-over-NFS but it should not result
      in failure.
      
      [davem@davemloft.net: API rename and consistency]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      0614002b
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: propagate page->pfmemalloc to skb · c48a11c7
      Mel Gorman authored
      The skb->pfmemalloc flag gets set to true iff during the slab allocation
      of data in __alloc_skb that the the PFMEMALLOC reserves were used.  If the
      packet is fragmented, it is possible that pages will be allocated from the
      PFMEMALLOC reserve without propagating this information to the skb.  This
      patch propagates page->pfmemalloc from pages allocated for fragments to
      the skb.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      c48a11c7
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: allow skb allocation to use PFMEMALLOC reserves · c93bdd0e
      Mel Gorman authored
      Change the skb allocation API to indicate RX usage and use this to fall
      back to the PFMEMALLOC reserve when needed.  SKBs allocated from the
      reserve are tagged in skb->pfmemalloc.  If an SKB is allocated from the
      reserve and the socket is later found to be unrelated to page reclaim, the
      packet is dropped so that the memory remains available for page reclaim.
      Network protocols are expected to recover from this packet loss.
      
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Ideas taken from various patches]
      [davem@davemloft.net: Use static branches, coding style corrections]
      [sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Avoid unnecessary cast, fix !CONFIG_NET build]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      c93bdd0e
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      netvm: allow the use of __GFP_MEMALLOC by specific sockets · 7cb02404
      Mel Gorman authored
      Allow specific sockets to be tagged SOCK_MEMALLOC and use __GFP_MEMALLOC
      for their allocations.  These sockets will be able to go below watermarks
      and allocate from the emergency reserve.  Such sockets are to be used to
      service the VM (iow.  to swap over).  They must be handled kernel side,
      exposing such a socket to user-space is a bug.
      
      There is a risk that the reserves be depleted so for now, the
      administrator is responsible for increasing min_free_kbytes as necessary
      to prevent deadlock for their workloads.
      
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original patches]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      7cb02404
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      net: introduce sk_gfp_atomic() to allow addition of GFP flags depending on the individual socket · 99a1dec7
      Mel Gorman authored
      Introduce sk_gfp_atomic(), this function allows to inject sock specific
      flags to each sock related allocation.  It is only used on allocation
      paths that may be required for writing pages back to network storage.
      
      [davem@davemloft.net: Use sk_gfp_atomic only when necessary]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      99a1dec7
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: ignore mempolicies when using ALLOC_NO_WATERMARK · 183f6371
      Mel Gorman authored
      The reserve is proportionally distributed over all !highmem zones in the
      system.  So we need to allow an emergency allocation access to all zones.
      In order to do that we need to break out of any mempolicy boundaries we
      might have.
      
      In my opinion that does not break mempolicies as those are user oriented
      and not system oriented.  That is, system allocations are not guaranteed
      to be within mempolicy boundaries.  For instance IRQs do not even have a
      mempolicy.
      
      So breaking out of mempolicy boundaries for 'rare' emergency allocations,
      which are always system allocations (as opposed to user) is ok.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      183f6371
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: only set page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was used · cfd19c5a
      Mel Gorman authored
      __alloc_pages_slowpath() is called when the number of free pages is below
      the low watermark.  If the caller is entitled to use ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
      then the page will be marked page->pfmemalloc.  This protects more pages
      than are strictly necessary as we only need to protect pages allocated
      below the min watermark (the pfmemalloc reserves).
      
      This patch only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was
      required to allocate the page.
      
      [rientjes@google.com: David noticed the problem during review]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      cfd19c5a
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: allow PF_MEMALLOC from softirq context · 907aed48
      Mel Gorman authored
      This is needed to allow network softirq packet processing to make use of
      PF_MEMALLOC.
      
      Currently softirq context cannot use PF_MEMALLOC due to it not being
      associated with a task, and therefore not having task flags to fiddle with
      - thus the gfp to alloc flag mapping ignores the task flags when in
      interrupts (hard or soft) context.
      
      Allowing softirqs to make use of PF_MEMALLOC therefore requires some
      trickery.  This patch borrows the task flags from whatever process happens
      to be preempted by the softirq.  It then modifies the gfp to alloc flags
      mapping to not exclude task flags in softirq context, and modify the
      softirq code to save, clear and restore the PF_MEMALLOC flag.
      
      The save and clear, ensures the preempted task's PF_MEMALLOC flag doesn't
      leak into the softirq.  The restore ensures a softirq's PF_MEMALLOC flag
      cannot leak back into the preempted process.  This should be safe due to
      the following reasons
      
      Softirqs can run on multiple CPUs sure but the same task should not be
      	executing the same softirq code. Neither should the softirq
      	handler be preempted by any other softirq handler so the flags
      	should not leak to an unrelated softirq.
      
      Softirqs re-enable hardware interrupts in __do_softirq() so can be
      	preempted by hardware interrupts so PF_MEMALLOC is inherited
      	by the hard IRQ. However, this is similar to a process in
      	reclaim being preempted by a hardirq. While PF_MEMALLOC is
      	set, gfp_to_alloc_flags() distinguishes between hard and
      	soft irqs and avoids giving a hardirq the ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
      	flag.
      
      If the softirq is deferred to ksoftirq then its flags may be used
              instead of a normal tasks but as the softirq cannot be preempted,
              the PF_MEMALLOC flag does not leak to other code by accident.
      
      [davem@davemloft.net: Document why PF_MEMALLOC is safe]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      907aed48
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: introduce __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to emergency reserves · b37f1dd0
      Mel Gorman authored
      __GFP_MEMALLOC will allow the allocation to disregard the watermarks, much
      like PF_MEMALLOC.  It allows one to pass along the memalloc state in
      object related allocation flags as opposed to task related flags, such as
      sk->sk_allocation.  This removes the need for ALLOC_PFMEMALLOC as callers
      using __GFP_MEMALLOC can get the ALLOC_NO_WATERMARK flag which is now
      enough to identify allocations related to page reclaim.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      b37f1dd0
    • Christoph Lameter's avatar
      mm: slub: optimise the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc checks · 5091b74a
      Christoph Lameter authored
      This patch removes the check for pfmemalloc from the alloc hotpath and
      puts the logic after the election of a new per cpu slab.  For a pfmemalloc
      page we do not use the fast path but force the use of the slow path which
      is also used for the debug case.
      
      This has the side-effect of weakening pfmemalloc processing in the
      following way;
      
      1. A process that is allocating for network swap calls __slab_alloc.
         pfmemalloc_match is true so the freelist is loaded and c->freelist is
         now pointing to a pfmemalloc page.
      
      2. A process that is attempting normal allocations calls slab_alloc,
         finds the pfmemalloc page on the freelist and uses it because it did
         not check pfmemalloc_match()
      
      The patch allows non-pfmemalloc allocations to use pfmemalloc pages with
      the kmalloc slabs being the most vunerable caches on the grounds they
      are most likely to have a mix of pfmemalloc and !pfmemalloc requests. A
      later patch will still protect the system as processes will get throttled
      if the pfmemalloc reserves get depleted but performance will not degrade
      as smoothly.
      
      [mgorman@suse.de: Expanded changelog]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarChristoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      5091b74a
    • Mel Gorman's avatar
      mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages · 072bb0aa
      Mel Gorman authored
      When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they
      create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it
      with swapon.  Swap over the network is considered as an option in diskless
      systems.  The two likely scenarios are when blade servers are used as part
      of a cluster where the form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the
      use of disks and thin clients.
      
      The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block
      Device (NBD) for swap according to the manual at
      https://sourceforge.net/projects/ltsp/files/Docs-Admin-Guide/LTSPManual.pdf/download
      There is also documentation and tutorials on how to setup swap over NBD at
      places like https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/EnableNBDSWAP The
      nbd-client also documents the use of NBD as swap.  Despite this, the fact
      is that a machine using NBD for swap can deadlock within minutes if swap
      is used intensively.  This patch series addresses the problem.
      
      The core issue is that network block devices do not use mempools like
      normal block devices do.  As the host cannot control where they receive
      packets from, they cannot reliably work out in advance how much memory
      they might need.  Some years ago, Peter Zijlstra developed a series of
      patches that supported swap over an NFS that at least one distribution is
      carrying within their kernels.  This patch series borrows very heavily
      from Peter's work to support swapping over NBD as a pre-requisite to
      supporting swap-over-NFS.  The bulk of the complexity is concerned with
      preserving memory that is allocated from the PFMEMALLOC reserves for use
      by the network layer which is needed for both NBD and NFS.
      
      Patch 1 adds knowledge of the PFMEMALLOC reserves to SLAB and SLUB to
      	preserve access to pages allocated under low memory situations
      	to callers that are freeing memory.
      
      Patch 2 optimises the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc checks
      
      Patch 3 introduces __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to the PFMEMALLOC
      	reserves without setting PFMEMALLOC.
      
      Patch 4 opens the possibility for softirqs to use PFMEMALLOC reserves
      	for later use by network packet processing.
      
      Patch 5 only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was required
      
      Patch 6 ignores memory policies when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS is set.
      
      Patches 7-12 allows network processing to use PFMEMALLOC reserves when
      	the socket has been marked as being used by the VM to clean pages. If
      	packets are received and stored in pages that were allocated under
      	low-memory situations and are unrelated to the VM, the packets
      	are dropped.
      
      	Patch 11 reintroduces __skb_alloc_page which the networking
      	folk may object to but is needed in some cases to propogate
      	pfmemalloc from a newly allocated page to an skb. If there is a
      	strong objection, this patch can be dropped with the impact being
      	that swap-over-network will be slower in some cases but it should
      	not fail.
      
      Patch 13 is a micro-optimisation to avoid a function call in the
      	common case.
      
      Patch 14 tags NBD sockets as being SOCK_MEMALLOC so they can use
      	PFMEMALLOC if necessary.
      
      Patch 15 notes that it is still possible for the PFMEMALLOC reserve
      	to be depleted. To prevent this, direct reclaimers get throttled on
      	a waitqueue if 50% of the PFMEMALLOC reserves are depleted.  It is
      	expected that kswapd and the direct reclaimers already running
      	will clean enough pages for the low watermark to be reached and
      	the throttled processes are woken up.
      
      Patch 16 adds a statistic to track how often processes get throttled
      
      Some basic performance testing was run using kernel builds, netperf on
      loopback for UDP and TCP, hackbench (pipes and sockets), iozone and
      sysbench.  Each of them were expected to use the sl*b allocators
      reasonably heavily but there did not appear to be significant performance
      variances.
      
      For testing swap-over-NBD, a machine was booted with 2G of RAM with a
      swapfile backed by NBD.  8*NUM_CPU processes were started that create
      anonymous memory mappings and read them linearly in a loop.  The total
      size of the mappings were 4*PHYSICAL_MEMORY to use swap heavily under
      memory pressure.
      
      Without the patches and using SLUB, the machine locks up within minutes
      and runs to completion with them applied.  With SLAB, the story is
      different as an unpatched kernel run to completion.  However, the patched
      kernel completed the test 45% faster.
      
      MICRO
                                               3.5.0-rc2 3.5.0-rc2
      					 vanilla     swapnbd
      Unrecognised test vmscan-anon-mmap-write
      MMTests Statistics: duration
      Sys Time Running Test (seconds)             197.80    173.07
      User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds)        206.96    182.03
      Total Elapsed Time (seconds)               3240.70   1762.09
      
      This patch: mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages
      
      Allocations of pages below the min watermark run a risk of the machine
      hanging due to a lack of memory.  To prevent this, only callers who have
      PF_MEMALLOC or TIF_MEMDIE set and are not processing an interrupt are
      allowed to allocate with ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS.  Once they are allocated to
      a slab though, nothing prevents other callers consuming free objects
      within those slabs.  This patch limits access to slab pages that were
      alloced from the PFMEMALLOC reserves.
      
      When this patch is applied, pages allocated from below the low watermark
      are returned with page->pfmemalloc set and it is up to the caller to
      determine how the page should be protected.  SLAB restricts access to any
      page with page->pfmemalloc set to callers which are known to able to
      access the PFMEMALLOC reserve.  If one is not available, an attempt is
      made to allocate a new page rather than use a reserve.  SLUB is a bit more
      relaxed in that it only records if the current per-CPU page was allocated
      from PFMEMALLOC reserve and uses another partial slab if the caller does
      not have the necessary GFP or process flags.  This was found to be
      sufficient in tests to avoid hangs due to SLUB generally maintaining
      smaller lists than SLAB.
      
      In low-memory conditions it does mean that !PFMEMALLOC allocators can fail
      a slab allocation even though free objects are available because they are
      being preserved for callers that are freeing pages.
      
      [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original implementation]
      [sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Correct order of page flag clearing]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
      Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
      Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
      Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
      Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
      Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
      Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
      Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      072bb0aa