This simple document only needs a markup for its title to be
using the standard we're adopting for text documents.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

There isn't much to be done here: just mark the document
title as such and add a :Author:.

While here, use upper case at the beginning of a few paragraphs
that start with lower case.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- use proper markups for titles;
- mark literal blocks as such;
- add blank lines where needed.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Add a title for the document;
- mark literal blocks as such;
- use a bulleted list for changelog.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- fix document type;
- add missing markups for subitems;
- mark literal blocks;
- add whitespaces and blank lines where needed;
- use bulleted list markups where neded.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Everything there that it is said for 2.6 also applies on
current 4.x Kernels. So, update the information there.

While here, use ``foo`` for literals.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- promote main title level;
- mark literal blocks as such;
- Add blank lines to avoid Sphinx errors.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Add a title;
- mark literal-blocks as such.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Add a title for the document and for API chapter;
- mark literal blocks;
- Adjust whitespacing.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

This file is almost in the right format. It only needed to
convert a list to bulleted list and to use the right markup
for literal blocks.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- promote main title one level;
- fix the bulleted list markup;
- use bulletted list markup where needed;
- add whitespaces where needed;
- mark literal blocks;
- remove extra ":" after section titles.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Adjust title markups;
- remove explicit numeration from titles;
- mark literal blocks as such;
- replace _foo_ by **foo** for emphasis;
- adjust whitespaces and add blank lines where needed.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- use proper markups for titles;
- adjust section identation;
- use proper markup for notes and fix it to properly show the
  numbered list.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- use a markup for the title;
- use :Author: and :Last updated: markups at the beginning with
  authorship info;
- use proper markups for the lists.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- promote main title;
- use the right markup for footnotes;
- use bold markup for files name;
- identify literal blocks;
- add blank lines to avoid Sphinx to complain;
- remove numeration from titles.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- promote level for the document title;
- mark literal blocks.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- use :Author: and :Updated: markups;
- use proper markup for the document title;
- mark the literal-blocks.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- use ReST notation for titles;
- identify literal blocks;
- use :Author: for document authorship;
- use the proper notation for tables;
- adjust whitespaces where needed.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- use proper markups for titles;
- identify literal blocks.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Mark and adjust titles;
- Mark and indent literal blocks.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- use proper markups for titles;
- use :Author: for authorship;
- identify the literal blocks.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

This file is almost on the standard format. All it needs
to be parsed by Sphinx is to fix its main title and add
a few blank lines.

Yet, it is worth to replace NOTE: by the corresponding
ReST markup.

While here, remove the extra "---" from a subtitle.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Mark titles;
- Mark literal blocks;
- Mark some literals that would otherwise produce warnings;
- Mark authorship.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Fix some title marks to match ReST;
- use :Author: for author name;
- foo_ is an hyperlink. Get rid of it;
- Mark literal blocks as such;
- Use tables on some places that are almost using the
  table format.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- comment the internal index;
- use the proper markups for titles;
- mark literal blocks.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Mark titles;
- Mark literal blocks;
- Mark table.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@osg.samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Add a title for the document;
- Mark literal blocks.

While here, replace a comma by a dot at the end of a paragraph.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Add a title for the document;
- mark literals;
- use table markup for existing table.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- mark literals;
- Adjust document title;
- Use a list for references.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Use section/title markups;
- Use :Author: for authorship;
- Mark literals and literal blocks;
- Mark tables;
- Use ReST notation for footnotes.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Mark titles with ReST notation;
- comment the contents table;
- Use :Author: tag for authorship;
- mark literal blocks as such;
- use valid numbered list markups;
- Don't capitalize titles.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Adjust the title format;
- use :Author: for author's name;
- mark literals as such;
- use note and important notation.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Move author info to the beginning of file and use :Author:
- use warning/note annotation;
- mark literal blocks as such;
- Add a title for the document;
- use **emphasis** instead of _emphasis_.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Use the right notation for titles;
- Use a list for image names;
- Use literal blocks where needed;
- Whitespace fixes.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Adjust titles to match the convention;
- use a literal block for ascii artwork.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Each text file under Documentation follows a different
format. Some doesn't even have titles!

Change its representation to follow the adopted standard,
using ReST markups for it to be parseable by Sphinx:

- Add a title for the document;
- Use a list for the listed URLs;
- mark literal blocks;
- adjust whitespaces;
- Don't capitalize section titles.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Pull NFS client updates from Anna Schumaker:
 "Stable bugfixes:
   - Fix -EACCESS on commit to DS handling
   - Fix initialization of nfs_page_array->npages
   - Only invalidate dentries that are actually invalid

  Features:
   - Enable NFSoRDMA transparent state migration
   - Add support for lookup-by-filehandle
   - Add support for nfs re-exporting

  Other bugfixes and cleanups:
   - Christoph cleaned up the way we declare NFS operations
   - Clean up various internal structures
   - Various cleanups to commits
   - Various improvements to error handling
   - Set the dt_type of . and .. entries in NFS v4
   - Make slot allocation more reliable
   - Fix fscache stat printing
   - Fix uninitialized variable warnings
   - Fix potential list overrun in nfs_atomic_open()
   - Fix a race in NFSoRDMA RPC reply handler
   - Fix return size for nfs42_proc_copy()
   - Fix against MAC forgery timing attacks"

* tag 'nfs-for-4.13-1' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/anna/linux-nfs: (68 commits)
  NFS: Don't run wake_up_bit() when nobody is waiting...
  nfs: add export operations
  nfs4: add NFSv4 LOOKUPP handlers
  nfs: add a nfs_ilookup helper
  nfs: replace d_add with d_splice_alias in atomic_open
  sunrpc: use constant time memory comparison for mac
  NFSv4.2 fix size storage for nfs42_proc_copy
  xprtrdma: Fix documenting comments in frwr_ops.c
  xprtrdma: Replace PAGE_MASK with offset_in_page()
  xprtrdma: FMR does not need list_del_init()
  xprtrdma: Demote "connect" log messages
  NFSv4.1: Use seqid returned by EXCHANGE_ID after state migration
  NFSv4.1: Handle EXCHGID4_FLAG_CONFIRMED_R during NFSv4.1 migration
  xprtrdma: Don't defer MR recovery if ro_map fails
  xprtrdma: Fix FRWR invalidation error recovery
  xprtrdma: Fix client lock-up after application signal fires
  xprtrdma: Rename rpcrdma_req::rl_free
  xprtrdma: Pass only the list of registered MRs to ro_unmap_sync
  xprtrdma: Pre-mark remotely invalidated MRs
  xprtrdma: On invalidation failure, remove MWs from rl_registered
  ...

Pull SCSI target updates from Nicholas Bellinger:
 "It's been usually busy for summer, with most of the efforts centered
  around TCMU developments and various target-core + fabric driver bug
  fixing activities. Not particularly large in terms of LoC, but lots of
  smaller patches from many different folks.

  The highlights include:

   - ibmvscsis logical partition manager support (Michael Cyr + Bryant
     Ly)

   - Convert target/iblock WRITE_SAME to blkdev_issue_zeroout (hch +
     nab)

   - Add support for TMR percpu LUN reference counting (nab)

   - Fix a potential deadlock between EXTENDED_COPY and iscsi shutdown
     (Bart)

   - Fix COMPARE_AND_WRITE caw_sem leak during se_cmd quiesce (Jiang Yi)

   - Fix TMCU module removal (Xiubo Li)

   - Fix iser-target OOPs during login failure (Andrea Righi + Sagi)

   - Breakup target-core free_device backend driver callback (mnc)

   - Perform TCMU add/delete/reconfig synchronously (mnc)

   - Fix TCMU multiple UIO open/close sequences (mnc)

   - Fix TCMU CHECK_CONDITION sense handling (mnc)

   - Fix target-core SAM_STAT_BUSY + TASK_SET_FULL handling (mnc + nab)

   - Introduce TYPE_ZBC support in PSCSI (Damien Le Moal)

   - Fix possible TCMU memory leak + OOPs when recalculating cmd base
     size (Xiubo Li + Bryant Ly + Damien Le Moal + mnc)

   - Add login_keys_workaround attribute for non RFC initiators (Robert
     LeBlanc + Arun Easi + nab)"

* 'for-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nab/target-pending: (68 commits)
  iscsi-target: Add login_keys_workaround attribute for non RFC initiators
  Revert "qla2xxx: Fix incorrect tcm_qla2xxx_free_cmd use during TMR ABORT"
  tcmu: clean up the code and with one small fix
  tcmu: Fix possbile memory leak / OOPs when recalculating cmd base size
  target: export lio pgr/alua support as device attr
  target: Fix return sense reason in target_scsi3_emulate_pr_out
  target: Fix cmd size for PR-OUT in passthrough_parse_cdb
  tcmu: Fix dev_config_store
  target: pscsi: Introduce TYPE_ZBC support
  target: Use macro for WRITE_VERIFY_32 operation codes
  target: fix SAM_STAT_BUSY/TASK_SET_FULL handling
  target: remove transport_complete
  pscsi: finish cmd processing from pscsi_req_done
  tcmu: fix sense handling during completion
  target: add helper to copy sense to se_cmd buffer
  target: do not require a transport_complete for SCF_TRANSPORT_TASK_SENSE
  target: make device_mutex and device_list static
  tcmu: Fix flushing cmd entry dcache page
  tcmu: fix multiple uio open/close sequences
  tcmu: drop configured check in destroy
  ...

"perf lock" shows fairly heavy contention for the bit waitqueue locks
when doing an I/O heavy workload.
Use a bit to tell whether or not there has been contention for a lock
so that we can optimise away the bit waitqueue options in those cases.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
Signed-off-by: Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>

This support for opening files on NFS by file handle, both through the
open_by_handle syscall, and for re-exporting NFS (for example using a
different version).  The support is very basic for now, as each open by
handle will have to do an NFSv4 open operation on the wire.  In the
future this will hopefully be mitigated by an open file cache, as well
as various optimizations in NFS for this specific case.
Signed-off-by: Peng Tao <tao.peng@primarydata.com>
[hch: incorporated various changes, resplit the patches, new changelog]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>