* pci/deprecate-get-bus-and-slot:
  video: fbdev: riva: deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  video: fbdev: nvidia: deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  video: fbdev: intelfb: deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  openprom: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  xen/pcifront: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  PCI: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  PCI: ibmphp: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  PCI: cpqhp: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  pch_gbe: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  bnx2x: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  powerpc/via-pmu: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  iommu/amd: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  sl82c105: deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  drm/nouveau: deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  drm/gma500: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  ibft: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  edd: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  agp: sworks: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  agp: nvidia: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  ata: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  x86/PCI: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  powerpc/PCI: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()
  alpha/PCI: Deprecate pci_get_bus_and_slot()

* pci/aspm:
  PCI/ASPM: Unexport internal ASPM interfaces
  PCI/ASPM: Enable Latency Tolerance Reporting when supported
  PCI/ASPM: Calculate LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD from device characteristics

* pci/aer:
  PCI/AER: Return error if AER is not supported
  PCI/AER: Skip recovery callbacks for correctable errors from ACPI APEI

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

struct riva_par has a pointer to struct pci_dev. Use the pci_dev member
to extract the domain information.

Change the function signature for CalcStateExt and RivaGetConfig to pass
in struct pci_dev in addition to RIVA_HW_INST so that code inside the
riva_hw.c can also calculate domain number and pass it to
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

struct nvidia_par has a pointer to struct pci_dev. Use the pci_dev
member to extract the domain information and pass it to
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot() function.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Find the domain number from pdev.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Hard-coding the domain as 0 since domain information is not available.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Use pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot() with a domain number of 0 where we can't
extract the domain number. Other places, use the actual domain number from
the device.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

When we have a pci_dev, extract the domain number from it.

The config access syscalls don't allow the user to supply a domain number,
so they only work on devices in domain 0, so we can just hard-code that.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
[bhelgaas: squash quirk & syscall patches together]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Hard-coding the domain parameter as 0 since the code doesn't seem to be
ready for multiple domains.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Hard-coding the domain number as 0. The code doesn't seem to be ready
for multiple domains.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Use the domain information from pdev while calling into
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot() function.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Introduce bnx2x_vf_domain() function to extract the domain information
and save it to VF specific data structure.

Use the saved domain value while calling pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Hard-code the domain number as 0 to match the previous behavior.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

get_device_error_info() reads error information from registers in the AER
capability.  If we call it for a device that has no AER capability, it
should return an error, but previously it returned success.

Return 0 (error) if the device doesn't have an AER capability.
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
[bhelgaas: changelog]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Hard-code the domain number as 0 for the AMD IOMMU driver.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Gary R Hook <gary.hook@amd.com>
Acked-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Replace pci_get_bus_and_slot() with pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot()
and extract the domain number from struct pci_dev.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Replace pci_get_bus_and_slot() with pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot()
and extract the domain number from
1. struct pci_dev
2. struct pci_dev through drm_device->pdev
3. struct pci_dev through fb->subdev->drm_device->pdev
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Add domain parameter to CDV_MSG_READ32, CDV_MSG_WRITE32, MRST_MSG_READ32,
MRST_MSG_WRITE32, MDFLD_MSG_READ32, MDFLD_MSG_WRITE32.

Extract pci_dev from struct drm_device and use pdev to find the domain
number while calling pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

We don't search for the device in other domains than zero. This is because
on x86 platforms the BIOS executes only devices which are in domain 0.
Furthermore, the iBFT spec doesn't have a domain id field.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Domain number is not available in struct edd_info. Hard-coding the domain
number as 0.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Replace pci_get_bus_and_slot() with pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot()
and extract the domain number from struct pci_dev.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Replace pci_get_bus_and_slot() with pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot()
and extract the domain number from struct pci_dev.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Use pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot() and extract the actual domain number
from the pdev passed in.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Use domain number of 0 as the domain number is not available in struct
irq_routing_table.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Getting ready to remove pci_get_bus_and_slot() function in favor of
pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot().

Use pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot() with a domain number of 0 as the code
is not ready to consume multiple domains and existing code used domain
number 0.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>

pci_get_bus_and_slot() is restrictive such that it assumes domain=0 as
where a PCI device is present. This restricts the device drivers to be
reused for other domain numbers.

Use pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot() with a domain number of 0 where we can't
extract the domain number. Other places, use the actual domain number from
the device.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>

Several of the interfaces defined in include/linux/pci-aspm.h are used only
internally from the PCI core:

  pcie_aspm_init_link_state()
  pcie_aspm_exit_link_state()
  pcie_aspm_pm_state_change()
  pcie_aspm_powersave_config_link()
  pcie_aspm_create_sysfs_dev_files()
  pcie_aspm_remove_sysfs_dev_files()

Move these to the internal drivers/pci/pci.h header so they don't clutter
the driver interface.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>

Enable Latency Tolerance Reporting (LTR).  Note that LTR must be enabled in
the Root Port first, and must not be enabled in any downstream device
unless the Root Port and all intermediate Switches also support LTR.
See PCIe r3.1, sec 6.18.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Vidya Sagar <vidyas@nvidia.com>

Per PCIe r3.1, sec 5.5.1, LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD determines whether we enter
the L1.2 Link state: if L1.2 is enabled and downstream devices have
reported that they can tolerate latency of at least LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD, we
must enter L1.2 when CLKREQ# is de-asserted.

The implication is that LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD is the time required to
transition the Link from L0 to L1.2 and back to L0, and per sec 5.5.3.3.1,
Figures 5-16 and 5-17, it appears that the absolute minimum time for those
transitions would be T(POWER_OFF) + T(L1.2) + T(POWER_ON) + T(COMMONMODE).

Therefore, compute LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD as:

    2us T(POWER_OFF)
  + 4us T(L1.2)
  + T(POWER_ON)
  + T(COMMONMODE)
  = LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD

Previously we set LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD to a fixed value of 163840ns
(163.84us):

  #define LTR_L1_2_THRESHOLD_BITS     ((1 << 21) | (1 << 23) | (1 << 30))
  ((1 << 21) | (1 << 23) | (1 << 30)) = 0x40a00000
  LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD_Value = (0x40a00000 & 0x03ff0000) >> 16 = 0xa0 = 160
  LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD_Scale = (0x40a00000 & 0xe0000000) >> 29 = 0x2 (* 1024ns)
  LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD = 160 * 1024ns = 163840ns

Obviously this doesn't account for the circuit characteristics of different
implementations.

Note that while firmware may enable LTR, Linux itself currently does not
enable LTR.  When L1.2 is enabled but LTR is not, LTR_L1.2_THRESHOLD is
ignored and we always enter L1.2 when it is enabled and CLKREQ# is
de-asserted.  So this patch should not have any effect unless firmware
enables LTR.

Fixes: f1f0366d ("PCI/ASPM: Calculate and save the L1.2 timing parameters")
Link: https://www.coreboot.org/pipermail/coreboot-gerrit/2015-March/021134.htmlSigned-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Vidya Sagar <vidyas@nvidia.com>
Cc: Kenji Chen <kenji.chen@intel.com>
Cc: Patrick Georgi <pgeorgi@google.com>
Cc: Rajat Jain <rajatja@google.com>

PCIe correctable errors are corrected by hardware.  Software may log them,
but no other software intervention is required.

There are two paths to enter the AER recovery code: (1) the native path
where Linux fields the AER interrupt and reads the AER registers directly,
and (2) the ACPI path where firmware reads the AER registers and hands them
off to Linux via the ACPI APEI path.

The AER do_recovery() function calls driver error reporting callbacks
(error_detected(), mmio_enabled(), resume(), etc), attempts recovery (for
fatal errors), and logs a "AER: Device recovery successful" message.

Since there's nothing to recover for correctable errors, the native path
already skips do_recovery(), so it doesn't call the driver callbacks and or
emit the message.  Make the APEI path do the same.
Signed-off-by: Tyler Baicar <tbaicar@codeaurora.org>
[bhelgaas: changelog]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>

This reverts commit 04e35f44.

SELinux runs with secureexec for all non-"noatsecure" domain transitions,
which means lots of processes end up hitting the stack hard-limit change
that was introduced in order to fix a race with prlimit(). That race fix
will need to be redesigned.
Reported-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Tomáš Trnka <trnka@scm.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull Page Table Isolation (PTI) v4.14 backporting base tree from Ingo Molnar:
 "This tree contains the v4.14 PTI backport preparatory tree, which
  consists of four merges of upstream trees and 7 cherry-picked commits,
  which the upcoming PTI work depends on"

NOTE! The resulting tree is exactly the same as the original base tree
(ie the diff between this commit and its immediate first parent is
empty).

The only reason for this merge is literally to have a common point for
the actual PTI changes so that the commits can be shared in both the
4.15 and 4.14 trees.

* 'WIP.x86-pti.base-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/mm/kasan: Don't use vmemmap_populate() to initialize shadow
  locking/barriers: Convert users of lockless_dereference() to READ_ONCE()
  locking/barriers: Add implicit smp_read_barrier_depends() to READ_ONCE()
  bpf: fix build issues on um due to mising bpf_perf_event.h
  perf/x86: Enable free running PEBS for REGS_USER/INTR
  x86: Make X86_BUG_FXSAVE_LEAK detectable in CPUID on AMD
  x86/cpufeature: Add User-Mode Instruction Prevention definitions

Merge branch 'WIP.x86-pti.base.prep-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull Page Table Isolation (PTI) preparatory tree from Ingo Molnar:
 "This does a rename to free up linux/pti.h to be used by the upcoming
  page table isolation feature"

* 'WIP.x86-pti.base.prep-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  drivers/misc/intel/pti: Rename the header file to free up the namespace

Pull timer fix from Thomas Gleixner:
 "A single bugfix which prevents arbitrary sigev_notify values in
  posix-timers"

* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  posix-timer: Properly check sigevent->sigev_notify

Pull dmaengine fixes from Vinod Koul:
 "This time consisting of fixes in a bunch of drivers and the dmatest
  module:

   - Fix for disable clk on error path in fsl-edma driver
   - Disable clk fail fix in jz4740 driver
   - Fix long pending bug in dmatest driver for dangling pointer
   - Fix potential NULL pointer dereference in at_hdmac driver
   - Error handling path in ioat driver"

* tag 'dmaengine-fix-4.15-rc4' of git://git.infradead.org/users/vkoul/slave-dma:
  dmaengine: fsl-edma: disable clks on all error paths
  dmaengine: jz4740: disable/unprepare clk if probe fails
  dmaengine: dmatest: move callback wait queue to thread context
  dmaengine: at_hdmac: fix potential NULL pointer dereference in atc_prep_dma_interleaved
  dmaengine: ioat: Fix error handling path

With CONFIG_MTD=m and CONFIG_CRAMFS=y, we now get a link failure:

  fs/cramfs/inode.o: In function `cramfs_mount': inode.c:(.text+0x220): undefined reference to `mount_mtd'
  fs/cramfs/inode.o: In function `cramfs_mtd_fill_super':
  inode.c:(.text+0x6d8): undefined reference to `mtd_point'
  inode.c:(.text+0xae4): undefined reference to `mtd_unpoint'

This adds a more specific Kconfig dependency to avoid the broken
configuration.

Alternatively we could make CRAMFS itself depend on "MTD || !MTD" with a
similar result.

Fixes: 99c18ce5 ("cramfs: direct memory access support")
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull vfs fixes from Al Viro:
 "The alloc_super() one is a regression in this merge window, lazytime
  thing is older..."

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  VFS: Handle lazytime in do_mount()
  alloc_super(): do ->s_umount initialization earlier

Pull ext4 fixes from Ted Ts'o:
 "Fix a regression which caused us to fail to interpret symlinks in very
  ancient ext3 file system images.

  Also fix two xfstests failures, one of which could cause an OOPS, plus
  an additional bug fix caught by fuzz testing"

* tag 'ext4_for_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
  ext4: fix crash when a directory's i_size is too small
  ext4: add missing error check in __ext4_new_inode()
  ext4: fix fdatasync(2) after fallocate(2) operation
  ext4: support fast symlinks from ext3 file systems