Inserting a record into an index page involves updating multiple
fields in the page header as well as updating the next-record links
and potentially updating fields related to the sparse page directory.

Let us cover the insert operations by higher-level log records, to avoid
'redundant' logging about the writes.

The code for applying the high-level log records will check the
consistency of the page thoroughly, to avoid crashes during recovery.
We will refuse to replay the inserts if any inconsistency is detected.
With innodb_force_recovery=1, recovery will continue, but the affected
pages may be more inconsistent if some changes were omitted.

mrec_ext_t: Introduce the EXTENDED record subtypes
INSERT_HEAP_REDUNDANT, INSERT_REUSE_REDUNDANT,
INSERT_HEAP_DYNAMIC, INSERT_REUSE_DYNAMIC.
The record will explicitly identify the page type and whether
the space will be allocated from PAGE_HEAP_TOP or reused from
the PAGE_FREE list. It will also tell how many bytes to copy
from the preceding record header and payload, and how to
initialize the rest of the record header and payload.

mtr_t::page_insert(): Write the high-level log records.

log_phys_t::apply(): Parse the high-level log records.

page_apply_insert_redundant(), page_apply_insert_dynamic():
Apply the high-level log records.

page_dir_split_slot(): Introduce a variant that does not write log
nor deal with ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED pages.

page_mem_alloc_heap(): Remove the mtr_t parameter

page_cur_insert_rec_low(): Write log only via mtr_t::page_insert().

The function page_rec_get_base_extra_size() became dead code in
commit 08ba3887.

This is a follow-up to commit 572d2075
where we introduced the EXTENDED log record subtypes
DELETE_ROW_FORMAT_REDUNDANT and DELETE_ROW_FORMAT_DYNAMIC.

log_phys_t::apply(): If corruption was noticed, stop applying the log
unless innodb_force_recovery is set.

This is a follow-up to commit 84e3f9ce
that introduced the EXTENDED log record of UNDO_APPEND subtype.

mtr_t::undo_append(): Accurately enforce the mtr_buf_t::MAX_DATA_SIZE
limit. Also, replace mtr_buf_t::push() with simpler code, to append 1 byte
to the log.

log_phys_t::undo_append(): Return whether the page was found to
be in an inconsistent state.

log_phys_t::apply(): If corruption was noticed, stop applying log
unless innodb_force_recovery is set.

function to release all named locks

Revert "MDEV-17554 Auto-create new partition for system versioned tables with history partitioned by INTERVAL/LIMIT"

This reverts commit 9894751a.
This reverts commit f707c83f.

MDEV-17554 Auto-create new partition for system versioned tables with history partitioned by INTERVAL/LIMIT

When there are E empty partitions left, auto-create N new empty
partitions for SYSTEM_TIME partitioning rotated by INTERVAL/LIMIT and
marked by AUTO_INCREMENT keyword. Syntax change: AUTO_INCREMENT
keyword (or shorter AUTO may be used instead) after LIMIT/INTERVAL
clause.

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t (x INT) WITH SYSTEM VERSIONING
PARTITION BY SYSTEM_TIME LIMIT 100000 AUTO_INCREMENT;

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t (x INT) WITH SYSTEM VERSIONING
PARTITION BY SYSTEM_TIME INTERVAL 1 WEEK AUTO_INCREMENT;

The current revision implements hard-coded values of 1 for E and N. As
well as auto-creation threshold MinInterval = 1 hour, MinLimit = 1000.

The name for newly added partition will be first chosen as "pX", where
X is partition number and "p" is hard-coded name prefix. If this name
is already occupied, the X will be incremented until the resulting
name will be free to use.

ALTER TABLE ADD PARTITION is now always fast. If there some history
partition overflow occurs manual ALTER TABLE REBUILD PARTITION is
needed.

Have separated out the common dependencies on top.

This bug was introduced in
commit 7ae21b18
(the main commit of MDEV-12353).

page_cur_insert_rec_low(): Before entering the comparison loop, make sure
that the range does not exceed c_end already at the start of the loop.
The loop is only comparing for pointer equality, and that condition
cdm == c_end would never hold if the end was already exceeded in
the beginning. Also, skip the comparison altogether if we could find
at most 2 equal bytes.

PageBulk::insertPage(): Apply a similar change. It seems that this
code was correct, because the loop checks for cdm < c_end.

The compilation was accidentally broken in
commit 22f649a6.

mrec_ext_t: Introduce DELETE_ROW_FORMAT_REDUNDANT,
DELETE_ROW_FORMAT_DYNAMIC.

mtr_t::page_delete(): Write DELETE_ROW_FORMAT_REDUNDANT or
DELETE_ROW_FORMAT_DYNAMIC log records. We log the byte offset
of the preceding record, so that on recovery we can easily
find everything to update. For DELETE_ROW_FORMAT_DYNAMIC,
we must also write the header and data size of the record.

We will retain the physical logging for ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED pages.

page_zip_dir_balance_slot(): Renamed from page_dir_balance_slot(),
and specialized for ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED only.

page_rec_set_n_owned(), page_dir_slot_set_n_owned(),
page_dir_balance_slot(): New variants that do not write any log.

page_mem_free(): Take data_size, extra_size as parameters.
Always zerofill the record payload.

page_cur_delete_rec(): For other than ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED,
only write log by mtr_t::page_delete().

* Remove those tests that will not be supported on that release.
* Make sure that correct tests are disabled and have MDEVs
* Sort test names

Add more tests and move SST restore to correct place.

Remove sleeps and unnecessary waits.

The log file is opened as root since commit bb7a70c9, so there is no need
to chown it.

Test changes only.

Add wait conditions.

MDEV-21421 : Galera test sporadic failure on galera.galera_as_slave_gtid_myisam: Result length mismatch

In Galera 4 nodes 1 and 2 are galera nodes and node_3 should be
non galera.

* Remove those tests that will not be supported on that release.
* Make sure that correct tests are disabled and have MDEVs
* Sort test names

This should not be merged upwards.

There is no reason for the dummy index object dict_ind_redundant
to exist any more. It was only being passed to btr_create().

btr_create(): If !index, assume that a ROW_FORMAT=REDUNDANT
table is being created.

We could pass ibuf.index, dict_sys.sys_tables->indexes.start
and so on, if those objects had been initialized before the
function btr_create() is called.

recv_sys_t opened redo log files along with log_sys_t. That's why I
removed file sharing logic from InnoDB
in 9ef2d29f
But it was actually used to ensure that only one MariaDB instance
will touch the same InnoDB files.

os0file.cc: revert some changes done previously

mapped_file_t::map(): now has arguments read_only, nvme

file_io::open(): now has argument read_only

class file_os_io: make final

log_file_t::open(): now has argument read_only

We introduce an EXTENDED log record for appending an undo log record
to an undo log page. This is equivalent to the MLOG_UNDO_INSERT record
that was removed in commit f802c989,
only using more compact encoding.

mtr_t::log_write(): Fix a bug that affects longer log
record writes in the !same_page && !have_offset case.
Similar code is already implemented for the have_offset code path.
The bug was unobservable before we started to write longer
EXTENDED records. All !have_offset records (FREE_PAGE, INIT_PAGE,
EXTENDED) that were written so far are short, and we never write
RESERVED or OPTION records.

mtr_t::undo_append(): Write an UNDO_APPEND record.

log_phys_t::undo_append(): Apply an UNDO_APPEND record.

trx_undo_page_set_next_prev_and_add(),
trx_undo_page_report_modify(),
trx_undo_page_report_rename():
Invoke mtr_t::undo_append() instead of emitting WRITE records.

We introduce an EXTENDED log record for initializing an undo log page.
The size of the record will be 2 bytes plus the optional page identifier.
The entire undo page will be initialized, except the space that is
already reserved for TRX_UNDO_SEG_HDR in trx_undo_seg_create().

mtr_t::undo_create(): Write the UNDO_INIT record.

trx_undo_page_init(): Initialize the undo page corresponding to the
UNDO_INIT record. Unlike the former MLOG_UNDO_INIT record, we will
initialize almost the entire page, including initializing the
TRX_UNDO_PAGE_NODE to an empty list node, so that the subsequent call
to flst_init() will avoid writing log for the undo page.

Now there can be only one log file instead of several which
logically work as a single file.

Possible names of redo log files: ib_logfile0,
ib_logfile101 (for just created one)

innodb_log_fiels_in_group: value of this variable is not used
by InnoDB. Possible values are still 1..100, to not break upgrade

LOG_FILE_NAME: add constant of value "ib_logfile0"
LOG_FILE_NAME_PREFIX: add constant of value "ib_logfile"

get_log_file_path(): convenience function that returns full
path of a redo log file

SRV_N_LOG_FILES_MAX: removed

srv_n_log_files: we can't remove this for compatibility reasons,
but now server doesn't use this variable

log_sys_t::file::fd: now just one, not std::vector

log_sys_t::log_capacity: removed word 'group'

find_and_check_log_file(): part of logic from huge srv_start()
moved here

recv_sys_t::files: file descriptors of redo log files.
There can be several of those in case we're upgrading
from older MariaDB version.

recv_sys_t::remove_extra_log_files: whether to remove
ib_logfile{1,2,3...} after successfull upgrade.

recv_sys_t::read(): open if needed and read from one
of several log files

recv_sys_t::files_size(): open if needed and return files count

redo_file_sizes_are_correct(): check that redo log files
sizes are equal. Just to log an error for a user.
Corresponding check was moved from srv0start.cc

namespace deprecated: put all deprecated variables here to
prevent usage of it by us, developers

We plan use the redo log record main type code 0x20 for
InnoDB specific index page operations.

mrec_type_t: Rename INIT_INDEX_PAGE to EXTENDED.

mrec_ext_t: The EXTENDED subtypes.

This is a non-functional change: the redo log record encoding
that was introduced in commit 7ae21b18
is not affected.

btr_page_reorganize_low(): Log only the changed data in the page.

TODO: Do not copy the entire changed payload to the redo log.
Emit a combination of MEMMOVE and WRITE records to reduce the log volume.

commit 08ba3887 of MDEV-12353
introduced an incorrect assumption, which was documented by
the failing assertion.

After instant ADD COLUMN, we can have a null (and in-place) UPDATE
of NULL to NULL. No data needs to be written for such updates.

For ROW_FORMAT=REDUNDANT, we reserve space for the NULL values,
and to be compatible with existing behaviour, we will zerofill
the unused data bytes when updating to NULL value.

trx_purge_free_segment(): In some cases (observed when running
the test innodb_zip.wl5522_debug_zip), there is no change to
the TRX_UNDO_NEEDS_PURGE field. Add mtr_t::OPT to disable a debug check.

The bogus debug check was introduced in
commit 56f6dab1.