Any long-running system call may suffer EINTR, so arrange for all IO
calls to be wrapped in the restart loop.

This eliminates Context.on_disconnect() and instead moves its
functionality to a signal wired up by ExternalContext.main().

It leaves mitogen.master.Context is in a better condition to move into
mitogen.parent where it belongs.

* Split setup_globals() from setup_package() and make package setup
  optional (fork never needs it -- synthetic package already exists in
  children and the real package exists in masters).

* Add main() parameter to allow passing in the existing Importer
  instance. In forks from children, this means we inherit all the cached
  module state along with the __loader__ used to import any existing
  modules.

This is a hacky layering violation, but it seems the simplest approach
for now: fork needs access to Router, in order to recover the existing
Importer instance.

notice_stream() does that already.

Now it's handled in Side() constructor, it can disappear elsewhere.

This abstracts the pattern found in parent.ModuleForwarder and to a
lesser degree master.ModuleResponser. We can probably use it in those
contexts later.

Not sure why this wasn't done before, seems it should have always been
this way, and can't see any reason it wasn't. Without it, many fds are
leaked into at least .local() children. Closes #163.

It's entirely unclear how test_aborted_on_local_context_disconnect ever
passed, but it was broken by the previous commit.

* IDs are allocated by the parent responsible for contructing a new
  child, using ALLOCATE_ID to the master as necessary to allocate new ID
  ranges.

* ADD_ROUTE is sent up the tree rather than down. This permits
  construction of the new context to complete concurrent to parent
  contexts learning about its existence. Since all streams are strictly
  ordered, it's not possible for any parent to observe messages from the
  new context prior to arrival of an ADD_ROUTE from the parent notifying
  of its existence.

  If the new context, for example, implements an Ansible async task, its
  parent can start executing that without waiting for any synchronous
  confirmation from any parent or the master.

* Since routes propagate up, it's no longer possible for a plain
  non-parent child to ever receive ADD_ROUTE, so that code can be moved
  out of core.py and into parent.py (-0.2kb compressed).

* Add a .routes attribute to parent.Stream, and respond to disconnection
  signal on the stream by propagating DEL_ROUTE for any ADD_ROUTE ever
  received from that stream.

* Centralize route management in a new parent.RouteMonitor class

* Explicitly name every test to run, I have lots of unchecked in stuff
* Allow SIGINT to stop the process

In order to support a .remove() method, to prevent a minor but annoying
(log visible) memory leak while running the tests.

Avoids a roundtrip for every fork.

* Don't need to sleep if queue>sleepers, can just pop the right queue
  element and return it.

* If queue>sleeping and waking==sleeping, no mechanism existed to ensure
  a thread newly added to sleeping would ever be woken. Above change
  fixes that.

* Cannot trust select() return value, scheduler might sleep us
  indefinitely while put() writes a byte.

* Sleeping threads didn't pop FIFO, they popped in whatever order
  scheduler woke them up. Must recover index and use it to pick the pop
  index.

- If latch.get() is called and the queue is empty, a thread is put to
  sleep.

- If Latch.put() from another thread then appends an item to the queue and
  wakes the sleeping thread, and

- If a subsequent Latch.put() from the same or another thread manages to
  acquire `lock` before the sleeping thread is scheduled,

- The sleeping thread's wake socket would have multiple bytes written to
  it.

Therefore create a new _pending variable to track the only item assigned
to each thread (keyed by its write socket), and remove the socket from
`sleeping` from within put.